{"id":1059,"date":"2023-10-09T10:54:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T08:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1059"},"modified":"2023-10-09T13:38:35","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T11:38:35","slug":"jomkipurska-valka-jak-arabove-temer-porazili-izrael","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/jomkipurska-valka-jak-arabove-temer-porazili-izrael\/","title":{"rendered":"Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Jak Arabov\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 porazili Izrael"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V izraelsk\u00e9 historiografii se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, v arab\u0161tin\u011b \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Ve 3:50 6. \u0159\u00edjna 1973, v den Jomkipursk\u00e9ho p\u016fstu (nejposv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed den v roce pro \u017didy, kdy se \u017eivot v zemi zastav\u00ed), probudil telefon\u00e1t hlavu Izraelce vl\u00e1da, Golda Meirov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Telefon\u00e1t byl od jej\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho tajemn\u00edka Israela Liora, kter\u00fd ozn\u00e1mil nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed od \u0161\u00e9fa zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby Mossadu Zvi Zamira, kter\u00fd odcestoval do Lond\u00fdna, aby se setkal s vysoce postaven\u00fdm zdrojem. Pozd\u011bji vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee to byl Ashraf Marwan, ze\u0165 tehdy zesnul\u00e9ho egyptsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Gamala Abdel Nassera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvi Zamir ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Egypt a S\u00fdrie pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd \u00fatok na Izrael. P\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy brzy obdr\u017eel \u00faplnou zpr\u00e1vu od \u0161\u00e9fa Mossadu. Bylo hl\u00e1\u0161eno, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel ude\u0159\u00ed v podve\u010der 6. \u0159\u00edjna. Pom\u011brn\u011b podrobn\u011b byly pops\u00e1ny vojensk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny S\u00fdrie a Egypta. Izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zahajuje mobilizaci. Nep\u0159\u00edtel ude\u0159il o n\u011bco d\u0159\u00edve \u2013 ve 2 hodiny odpoledne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1lka byla pro \u017eidovsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm. Izraelsk\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v\u011bd\u011bly o p\u0159esunu arabsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil a nejednou obdr\u017eely varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdm \u00fatokem, ale ve sv\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed toho, co se d\u011bje, se m\u00fdlily. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b to bylo zp\u016fsobeno konkurenc\u00ed mezi Mosadem a vojenskou rozv\u011bdkou. Na druhou stranu s postaven\u00edm politick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po v\u00e1lce byla pod tlakem ve\u0159ejnosti vytvo\u0159ena komise, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla pro\u0161et\u0159it nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty veden\u00ed v p\u0159edve\u010der a na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky. V jej\u00edm \u010dele st\u00e1l b\u00fdval\u00fd p\u0159edseda Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u0160imon Agranat. Za hlavn\u00ed vin\u00edky komise shledala n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu Davida Elazara, \u0161\u00e9fa vojensk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky Eli Zeira a velitele ji\u017en\u00edho vojensk\u00e9ho okruhu Shmuela Gonena (k\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9no je Gorodish).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozd\u011bji, po prostudov\u00e1n\u00ed memo\u00e1r\u016f, rozhovor\u016f a odtajn\u011bn\u00fdch dokument\u016f, v\u0161ak v\u011bdci dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Agranatova komise posuzovala ud\u00e1losti zaujat\u011b. Zachr\u00e1nila pov\u011bst premi\u00e9rky Goldy Meirov\u00e9, ministra obrany Mo\u0161e Dajana a \u010dlen\u016f jejich kabinetu a z profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch voj\u00e1k\u016f ud\u011blala ob\u011btn\u00ed ber\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Golda Meirov\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na t\u00fdden p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou setkala s jord\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem Husajnem, kter\u00fd ji varoval, \u017ee syrsk\u00e9 jednotky jsou p\u0159ipraveny za\u00fato\u010dit. Dne 3. \u0159\u00edjna se p\u0159edseda vl\u00e1dy setkal s ministrem obrany, vysok\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm velen\u00edm a ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed Yigalem Alonem. Do\u0161lo se k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee v\u00e1lka s Araby bezprost\u0159edn\u011b nehroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktem je, \u017ee v tu chv\u00edli bylo vysok\u00e9 vojensko-politick\u00e9 veden\u00ed Izraele p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno o neporazitelnosti izraelsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u017edy porazila Araby. Po \u0161estidenn\u00ed (\u010dervnov\u00e9) v\u00e1lce v roce 1967 byl Izrael v euforii. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel byl na dlouhou dobu pora\u017een. Pot\u00e9 \u017did\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku preventivn\u00ed st\u00e1vky ze\u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobili \u00fazem\u00ed sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh Jord\u00e1nu ( historick\u00e1<\/a> Judea a Sama\u0159\u00ed), p\u00e1smo Gazy, Sinajsk\u00fd poloostrov a Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny byly dobyty. Zem\u011b byla na socioekonomick\u00e9m boomu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed labouristick\u00e1 strana se p\u0159ipravovala na volby a jej\u00ed volebn\u00ed hesla zn\u011bla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eM\u00edr byl nastolen na b\u0159ez\u00edch Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu, na Sinajsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti, v p\u00e1smu Gazy, na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu, v Judeji, Sama\u0159\u00ed a na Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch. Hranice jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Mosty jsou otev\u0159en\u00e9. Jeruzal\u00e9m je jednotn\u00fd. Stav\u00ed se nov\u00e9 osady a na\u0161e politick\u00e1 situace je stabiln\u00ed. To v\u0161e je v\u00fdsledkem vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9, odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 a proz\u00edrav\u00e9 politiky.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rematch polo\u017eka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V arabsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti vl\u00e1dly \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 n\u00e1lady. Drtiv\u00e1 por\u00e1\u017eka v \u0161estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lce zp\u016fsobila krizi v my\u0161lence arabsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu a arabsk\u00e9 jednoty. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj politick\u00e9ho isl\u00e1mu, v\u010detn\u011b jeho radik\u00e1ln\u00edch hnut\u00ed. V\u00e1lka p\u0159inesla zklam\u00e1n\u00ed a pocit katastrofy. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00e9 to bylo v Egypt\u011b, kter\u00fd o sob\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee je v\u016fdcem arabsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anwar Sadat, kter\u00fd se stal prezidentem Egypta v roce 1970, se pokusil o\u017eivit v\u00fdznam Egypta v arabsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a aby to ud\u011blal, hodlal se pomst\u00edt za potupnou por\u00e1\u017eku v \u0161estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lce. Sadat odm\u00edtl vojenskou pomoc SSSR a za\u010dal se sbli\u017eovat se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Egypt si p\u0159itom zachoval vojensk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l vytvo\u0159en\u00fd s pomoc\u00ed Moskvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arabov\u00e9 m\u011bli v\u00e1\u017enou vojenskou p\u0159evahu. Celkov\u00e1 s\u00edla egyptsk\u00fdch a syrsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil byla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 750 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. A za \u00fa\u010dasti spojeneck\u00fdch vojsk – p\u0159es 1,1 milionu lid\u00ed. Izrael nasadil na za\u010d\u00e1tku ta\u017een\u00ed 375 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f, po v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 mobilizaci 415 tis\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyptsk\u00e9 letectvo m\u011blo 550 letadel, Sy\u0159an\u00e9 – 310 a Izraelci – 480. Arabov\u00e9 m\u011bli tak\u00e9 tankovou<\/a> p\u0159evahu: 2 tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch tank\u016f pro Egyp\u0165any plus 1,2 tis\u00edce pro Sy\u0159any. Izraelsk\u00e9 tankov\u00e9 s\u00edly m\u011bly 1,7 tis\u00edce vozidel, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 byly zastaral\u00e9 modely. Arabov\u00e9 m\u011bli v\u00edce ne\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobnou p\u0159evahu ve zbran\u00edch a minometech a trojn\u00e1sobnou p\u0159evahu na mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Egypt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arabsk\u00e1 bleskov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u0159\u00edjna 1973 se stal nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm dnem v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Izraele. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t skon\u010dil. K\u00e1hira a Dama\u0161ek operaci dob\u0159e p\u0159ipravily. Izrael byl pora\u017een ze dvou stran \u2013 na egyptsk\u00e9 a syrsk\u00e9 front\u011b. Do v\u00e1lky vstoupily i odd\u00edly Ir\u00e1\u010dan\u016f, Jord\u00e1nc\u016f, Libyjc\u016f, Maro\u010dan\u016f a Al\u017e\u00ed\u0159an\u016f. Piloti z P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu bojovali proti Izraeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arabov\u00e9 se dob\u0159e pou\u010dili z roku 1967, z v\u00fdvoje sov\u011btsk\u00fdch poradc\u016f a studovali zku\u0161enosti samotn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele. Byli dokonale vyzbrojeni tou nejlep\u0161\u00ed vojenskou technikou ze SSSR na tehdej\u0161\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. Dok\u00e1zali n\u00e1hle zas\u00e1hnout a chopit se iniciativy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 prorazili Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, smetli slabou nep\u0159\u00e1telskou obranu a pronikli na Sinaj. Byla to klasick\u00e1 operace \u00e9ry pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f: masivn\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava, tankov\u00e9 kl\u00edny ze stovek tank\u016f. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vrtuln\u00edky Mi-8 vylo\u010fuj\u00ed egyptsk\u00e9 jednotky za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 linie, demoralizuj\u00ed \u017didy a naru\u0161uj\u00ed komunikaci. Izrael ztr\u00e1c\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou nadvl\u00e1du: nep\u0159\u00edtel m\u00e1 silnou protivzdu\u0161nou obranu. Poprv\u00e9 v bitv\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany typu „Cube“, protiletadlov\u00e1 samohybn\u00e1 d\u011bla „Shilka“, p\u0159enosn\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my „Strela-2“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017did\u00e9 nestihli preventivn\u011b ude\u0159it na egyptsk\u00e1 leti\u0161t\u011b a jejich letectvo bylo nuceno nezmocnit se vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy, ale podniknout n\u00e1lety, aby zachr\u00e1nili sv\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed s\u00edly, za\u00fato\u010dili na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 pozice a kolony. Zde se \u017eidovsk\u00e9 letectvo dostalo do t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 palby arabsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany a utrp\u011blo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b Izrael za\u00fato\u010dil na syrsk\u00e9 jednotky na Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch. Za\u010daly tam t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 boje, Izraelci byli zatla\u010dov\u00e1ni zp\u011bt. Sy\u0159an\u00e9 byli schopni st\u0159\u00edlet na izraelsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Situace byla kritick\u00e1. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 front\u011b m\u011bl nep\u0159\u00edtel nad \u017didy znatelnou p\u0159evahu v sil\u00e1ch a prost\u0159edc\u00edch. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee egyptsk\u00e9 a syrsk\u00e9 jednotky \u017eidovsk\u00fd st\u00e1t rozdrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izraelci se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed zah\u00e1jit masivn\u00ed \u00fatok na egyptsk\u00e9 jednotky v \u00fadol\u00ed Nilu, kdy\u017e shrom\u00e1\u017edili \u00fadernou s\u00edlu 70 Phantom\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako v roce 1967 p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed letadla ze St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak \u010delili siln\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obran\u011b vybudovan\u00e9 pod rusk\u00fdm veden\u00edm. \u017didovsk\u00e1 letadla zachytila \u200b\u200bMiG-21. Izraelci ztrat\u00ed 18 vozidel a sest\u0159el\u00ed 4 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 vozidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i pokusech o potla\u010den\u00ed syrsk\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany a bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed leti\u0161\u0165 utrp\u011blo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty i izraelsk\u00e9 letectvo. P\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem v\u00e1lky m\u011bl Izrael 99 F-4 a asi 55 jich bylo ztraceno. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby vyrovnaly tyto ztr\u00e1ty, dodaly na konci \u0159\u00edjna Izraeli ve dvou d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch 52 Phantom\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Egypt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci po prolomen\u00ed linie Bar Leva v oblasti Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu v prvn\u00edm t\u00fddnu v\u00e1lky<\/p>\n\n\n\n

USA zachra\u0148uj\u00ed Izrael<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Izrael dok\u00e1zal p\u0159it\u00e1hnout Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty na svou stranu. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nouzov\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky zbran\u00ed<\/a> letecky. Na stran\u011b Izraele vystoupil mocn\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd Ameri\u010dan, ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA Henry Kissinger. Bez obalu \u0159ekl Anwaru Sadatovi: Amerika nebude tolerovat por\u00e1\u017eku Izraele. A pokud chce K\u00e1hira z\u00edskat americk\u00e9 investice, pak nen\u00ed t\u0159eba d\u011blat nic hloup\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho se egyptsk\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00e9 se silami 2. a 3. arm\u00e1dy pronikly na Sinajsk\u00fd poloostrov na 15\u201320 km, ve dnech 9.\u201313. \u0159\u00edjna zastavily. Arabov\u00e9 se za\u010dali prosazovat na okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, m\u00edsto aby rozvinuli ofenz\u00edvu a nedovolili nep\u0159\u00edteli, aby se vzpamatoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto se \u017did\u00e9 mohli vzpamatovat, p\u0159eskupit s\u00edly a zah\u00e1jit protiofenz\u00edvu. Izraelci z\u00edskali zp\u011bt d\u0159\u00edve ztracen\u00e9 pozice a pot\u00e9 sami ude\u0159ili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egypt ztr\u00e1c\u00ed strategickou iniciativu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Trosky izraelsk\u00e9ho Phantomu sest\u0159elen\u00e9ho Sy\u0159any v roce 1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n

izraelsk\u00fd blitzkrieg<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

15. \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159e\u0161la izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da do \u00fatoku na sinajsko-suezsk\u00e9 front\u011b. Hlavn\u00ed \u00fader zasadila 2. egyptsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 dr\u017eela lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo. Izraelci dos\u00e1hli Velk\u00e9ho ho\u0159k\u00e9ho jezera, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu. Pevn\u00e1 fronta egyptsk\u00fdch vojsk byla t\u00edmto jezerem roztrh\u00e1na. Toto jezero se stalo kl\u00ed\u010dem k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed izraelsk\u00fdch vojsk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u010der 16. \u0159\u00edjna n\u011bkolik oboj\u017eiveln\u00fdch tank\u016f a oboj\u017eiveln\u00fdch obrn\u011bn\u00fdch transport\u00e9r\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dilo jezero a vytvo\u0159ilo p\u0159edmost\u00ed za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi liniemi. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu prospali nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 vylod\u011bn\u00ed. Mysleli si, \u017ee je to nemo\u017en\u00e9. \u017did\u00e9 podle nich nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed noc bylo dal\u0161\u00edch 30 tank\u016f p\u0159evezeno na druhou stranu a p\u0159edmost\u00ed bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno. Izraelci pak dopravili na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed b\u0159eh dal\u0161\u00edch 60 tank\u016f. V noci na 19. \u0159\u00edjna postavili Izraelci p\u0159es Velk\u00e9 Ho\u0159k\u00e9 jezero dva plovouc\u00ed mosty a p\u0159em\u00edstili novou p\u011bchotu a tanky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velel \u00fadern\u00e9 jednotce (143. obrn\u011bn\u00e1 divize) \u2013 \u201ebuldozer\u201c, zoufal\u00fd state\u010dn\u00fd mu\u017e Ariel Sharon. Operaci provedl v nejlep\u0161\u00edch tradic\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Wehrmachtu z let 1939\u20131941. Mnoho bojov\u00fdch skupin vtrhlo do egyptsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdlu a vynutilo si tankovou rotu pos\u00edlenou mobiln\u00ed p\u011bchotou na obrn\u011bn\u00fdch transport\u00e9rech. N\u011bkdo byl speci\u00e1ln\u011b oble\u010den\u00fd v egyptsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 uniform\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160aronovy mobiln\u00ed skupiny hledaly slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta v t\u00fdlu Egyp\u0165an\u016f a z t\u00fdlu ni\u010dily pozice syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, d\u011blost\u0159electva, velitelstv\u00ed a t\u00fdlov\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen. Mezi Araby za\u010dala panika. Izraelsk\u00e9 letectv\u00ed<\/a> podporovalo \u00fadern\u00e9 s\u00edly ze vzduchu, arabsk\u00e1 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana byla znateln\u011b oslabena akcemi mobiln\u00edch skupin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izraelci hodn\u011b riskovali. P\u0159echody by mohly zni\u010dit arabsk\u00e9 letectvo a d\u011blost\u0159electvo. Sharonovy jednotky by byly zcela obkl\u00ed\u010deny, zbaveny dod\u00e1vek paliva a munice. Stal se v\u0161ak op\u011bt z\u00e1zrak. Egyptsk\u00fd prezident Sadat na\u0159\u00eddil zastavit masivn\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed zapo\u010dat\u00fdch p\u0159echod\u016f a egyptsk\u00e1 brig\u00e1da speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sil zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na zni\u010den\u00ed ponton\u016f dostala od K\u00e1hiry p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz tuto operaci prov\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho Izraelci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b porazili t\u00fdl nep\u0159\u00edtele a zablokovali 3. egyptskou arm\u00e1du. Brzy 300 izraelsk\u00fdch tank\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dilo Suez a p\u0159ipravilo se na sp\u011bch do K\u00e1hiry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Izraelsk\u00fd ministr obrany Mo\u0161e Dajan je hrdinou \u0160estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lky a kontroverzn\u00ed postavou jomkipursk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Na fotografii je na m\u00edst\u011b odpojen\u00ed egyptsk\u00fdch a izraelsk\u00fdch sil v oblasti Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu po p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e1hira za\u010dala hr\u00e1t giveaway<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Egyptsk\u00fd prezident Sadat pod Kissingerov\u00fdm tlakem ustoupil a netroufal si vyhr\u00e1t. Nem\u011bl dost v\u016fle soupe\u0159e dorazit. Cht\u011bl dost\u00e1vat americkou finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoc ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b na obnovu ekonomiky zem\u011b. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee to pomohlo jemu i dal\u0161\u00edm egyptsk\u00fdm hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016fm zbohatnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee na m\u00edru trvala i Moskva, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b intenzivn\u011b vyzbrojovala Egypt a Dama\u0161ek (9.\u201322. \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159il\u00e9talo v pr\u016fm\u011bru 30 letadel se sov\u011btskou technikou denn\u011b). SSSR necht\u011bl por\u00e1\u017eku Izraele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b Washington a Moskva jednaly o mo\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Kissinger odlet\u011bl do Moskvy. Ob\u011b strany vyzvaly K\u00e1hiru, aby p\u0159estala. Od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed se p\u0159itom navrhovalo, aby v\u0161ichni z\u016fstali na \u00fazem\u00edch okupovan\u00fdch v dob\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed. To Izraeli zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u016fbec nevyhovovalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dama\u0161ek zaujal nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pozici. Sy\u0159an\u00e9 proto podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f dostali varov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee pokud p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed Jord\u00e1n, zah\u00e1j\u00ed izraelsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da jadern\u00fd \u00fatok na Dama\u0161ek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho Sadat ustoupil a po\u017e\u00e1dal o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159ijala Rada bezpe\u010dnosti OSN rezoluci \u010d. 338 o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a vyzvala k proveden\u00ed rezoluce z 22. listopadu 1967. Izrael pokra\u010doval v boji. Pot\u00e9 Moskva vyvinula vojensko-politick\u00fd tlak na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Izrael.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSSR varoval Izrael \u201ep\u0159ed nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky\u201c, pokud bude pokra\u010dovat v agresivn\u00edch akc\u00edch proti Egyptu a S\u00fdrii. Bre\u017en\u011bv z\u00e1rove\u0148 poslal Nixonovi nal\u00e9hav\u00fd telegram, ve kter\u00e9m ujistil americkou stranu, \u017ee pokud bude p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize pasivn\u00ed, bude SSSR \u010delit pot\u0159eb\u011b \u201eurychlen\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159ijet\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch jednostrann\u00fdch krok\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moskva p\u0159ipravuje v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 divize k nasazen\u00ed do konfliktn\u00ed z\u00f3ny. Izraelsk\u00e9 jednotky zastavily svou ofenz\u00edvu a v\u00e1lka skon\u010dila 25. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. ledna 1974 na 101. kilometru K\u00e1hirsko-Suezsk\u00e9 magistr\u00e1ly za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti americk\u00e9 delegace podepsali egypt\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 s Izraelci dohodu o uvoln\u011bn\u00ed vojsk. Izrael st\u00e1hl sv\u00e9 jednotky 32 km od Suezsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu. 31. kv\u011btna byla podobn\u00e1 dohoda, ale se zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00edm SSSR a USA, podeps\u00e1na Izraelem a S\u00fdri\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in s Quneitrou byla vr\u00e1cena S\u00fdrii za podm\u00ednek demilitarizace a rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed jednotek OSN zde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Izraelsk\u00e1 premi\u00e9rka Golda Meirov\u00e1 p\u0159iznala svou odpov\u011bdnost za to, \u017ee zem\u011b nebyla p\u0159ipravena na v\u00e1lku, a rezignovala<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Boje trvaly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i t\u00fddny. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby bylo zabito 2,5\u20133 tis\u00edce izraelsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, 7\u20139 tis\u00edc bylo zran\u011bno. N\u011bkolik stovek lid\u00ed bylo zajato. \u00dadaje o arabsk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t\u00e1ch se velmi li\u0161\u00ed \u2013 od 8,5\u20139 do 18 tis\u00edc mrtv\u00fdch, od 19 do v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 tis\u00edc zran\u011bn\u00fdch, 8\u20139 tis\u00edc v\u011bz\u0148\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1978 se na summitu v Camp Davidu, kter\u00e9mu p\u0159edsedal Jimmy Carter, Sadat a izraelsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Menachem Begin dohodli na m\u00edru, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a navr\u00e1cen\u00ed Sinajsk\u00e9ho poloostrova Egyptu. M\u00edrov\u00e1 smlouva byla uzav\u0159ena 26. b\u0159ezna 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izrael se zav\u00e1zal st\u00e1hnout voj\u00e1ky a evakuovat \u017eidovsk\u00e9 osady ze Sinajsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, kter\u00fd obsadil v roce 1967. V roce 1978 byli Anwar Sadat a Menachem Begin ocen\u011bni Nobelovou cenou za m\u00edr za podeps\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch dohod. M\u00edrov\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele se S\u00fdri\u00ed skon\u010dila bez v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 slav\u00ed 6. \u0159\u00edjen jako den velk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost byla na vzestupu. Op\u011bt na kr\u00e1tkou dobu vyvstala iluze jednoty arabsk\u00e9ho a isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Arabsk\u00e9 zem\u011b v solidarit\u011b s Dama\u0161kem a K\u00e1hirou prohl\u00e1sily, \u017ee nebudou dod\u00e1vat ropu Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edm zem\u00edm, kter\u00e9 podporovaly Izrael. V d\u016fsledku toho se sv\u011btov\u00e9 ceny ropy z\u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobily. Ropn\u00e1 krize trvala a\u017e do b\u0159ezna 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iluze arabsk\u00e9 jednoty se rychle zhroutila, v roce 1977 Sadat jako prvn\u00ed arabsk\u00fd v\u016fdce nav\u0161t\u00edvil Izrael a o dva roky pozd\u011bji s n\u00edm podepsal m\u00edrovou dohodu. Egypt byl na deset let vylou\u010den z Arabsk\u00e9 ligy. 6. \u0159\u00edjna 1981, b\u011bhem p\u0159ehl\u00eddky u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1lky, byl Sadat zavra\u017ed\u011bn islamisty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izraelsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost tuto v\u00e1lku t\u011b\u017ece nesla. Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete ztratit celou zemi b\u011bhem okam\u017eiku. \u017did\u00e9 hledali chyby, za\u017e\u00edvali selh\u00e1n\u00ed vojensko-politick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed. V roce 1974, uprost\u0159ed vlny protest\u016f v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed, vl\u00e1da Goldy Meirov\u00e9 rezignovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Camp Davidova dohoda. Sadat (vlevo) pod\u00e1v\u00e1 Beginovi ruku v Carterov\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/t.me\/jizniMorava<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka V izraelsk\u00e9 historiografii se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, v arab\u0161tin\u011b \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. Ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nJomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. 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