{"id":1070,"date":"2023-10-09T13:51:39","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T11:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1070"},"modified":"2023-10-09T13:51:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T11:51:40","slug":"jak-wehrmacht-zastavil-anglo-americkou-avalanche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/jak-wehrmacht-zastavil-anglo-americkou-avalanche\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak Wehrmacht zastavil Anglo-Americkou Avalanche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Anglo-americk\u00e9 jednotky, navzdory naprost\u00e9 p\u0159evaze na mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu a zna\u010dn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 s\u00edle, nebyly schopny okam\u017eit\u011b dob\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161inu It\u00e1lie. Do konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 obsadili spojenci asi \u010dtvrtinu It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Operace Avalanche – Avalanche<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 se hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy za\u010daly vylo\u010fovat v It\u00e1lii ( operace Baytown<\/a> ). 5. americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da gener\u00e1la Marka Clarka, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1dala ze dvou sbor\u016f \u2013 6. americk\u00e9ho (6 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch diviz\u00ed) a 10. britsk\u00e9ho (2 p\u011b\u0161\u00ed a jedna obrn\u011bn\u00e1), se za\u010dala vylo\u010fovat v oblasti Salerna na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b poloostrova. V prvn\u00edm sledu byly t\u0159i divize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spojenci pl\u00e1novali v prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi operace dob\u00fdt neapolsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav a leti\u0161t\u011b v oblasti a vytvo\u0159it tak odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek pro dal\u0161\u00ed ofenz\u00edvu. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka m\u00edsta p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed byla asi 60 km a zahrnovala Salerno, pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1livu na jih a z\u00e1pad od n\u011bj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proti spojenc\u016fm st\u00e1la n\u011bmeck\u00e1 16. tankov\u00e1<\/a> divize, kter\u00e1 obsadila obranu na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle u Salerna a na lev\u00e9m u \u0159eky Sale. N\u011bmc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ipravit pevn\u00e9 body, ale pr\u00e1ce na t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bari\u00e9r nebyly dokon\u010deny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V noci na 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 konvoje s v\u00fdsadkov\u00fdmi silami, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly asi 450 lod\u00ed a plavidel r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd, opustily Tripolis, Oran, Bizerte, Palermo a o den pozd\u011bji vstoupily do Salernsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Vylo\u010fovac\u00ed flotila<\/a> se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila ke b\u0159ehu na vzd\u00e1lenost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 km. V noci na 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u00fato\u010dilo spojeneck\u00e9 letectv\u00ed<\/a> na nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 pozice v p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed oblasti a r\u00e1no zas\u00e1hlo n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159electvo pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed baterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Americk\u00fd torp\u00e9doborec polo\u017e\u00ed kou\u0159ovou clonu b\u011bhem operace Avalanche p\u0159ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm v Salernu. Fotografie byla po\u0159\u00edzena z lehk\u00e9ho k\u0159i\u017en\u00edku Philadelphia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci p\u0159ist\u00e1vaj\u00ed na b\u0159ehu pobl\u00ed\u017e Salerna z LCI-220<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Minolovky vy\u010distily pr\u016fchody od min. Jednotky prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b p\u0159e\u0161ly z transport\u00e9r\u016f na vylo\u010fovac\u00ed \u010dluny a vydaly se ke b\u0159ehu. P\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dalo ve 4:30. N\u011bmci nejprve ml\u010deli. Teprve kdy\u017e v\u00fdsadk\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1li na b\u0159ehu, zah\u00e1jili N\u011bmci palbu z d\u011bl, minomet\u016f a kulomet\u016f. Para\u0161utist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekonali p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky z ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu, se p\u0159esunuli hloub\u011bji do p\u00edse\u010dn\u00fdch dun. N\u011bmci zv\u00fd\u0161ili palbu, n\u011bkolik vylo\u010fovac\u00edch \u010dlun\u016f bylo po\u0161kozeno a n\u011bkter\u00e9 se vr\u00e1tily. Vylo\u010fovac\u00ed jednotky byly p\u0159i\u0161pendleny k zemi nebo dokonce oto\u010deny zp\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci provedli proti\u00fatok se silami 16. tankov\u00e9 divize a na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech zatla\u010dili nep\u0159\u00edtele. Spojenci v\u0161ak m\u011bli naprostou vzdu\u0161nou p\u0159evahu, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho d\u011blost\u0159electva a byli schopni potla\u010dit nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 palebn\u00e9 pozice. Para\u0161utist\u00e9 dobyli pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 p\u0159edmost\u00ed. Do konce 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed postoupila 36. americk\u00e1 divize o 15 km, Britov\u00e9 obsadili Salerno a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed p\u00e1s ji\u017en\u011b od n\u011bj do hloubky 20 km. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 letadla za\u00fato\u010dila na britsk\u00e9 jednotky a spojeneckou flotilu a po\u0161kodila n\u011bkolik lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a technika 128. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed brig\u00e1dy, 46. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize, se vylo\u010fuj\u00ed z americk\u00e9 tankov\u00e9 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e9 lodi USS LST-383 u Salerna b\u011bhem vylod\u011bn\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lii. Operace Avalanche. 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Spitfire Mk.Vc Tropick\u00e1 st\u00edha\u010dka 307. perut\u011b 31. st\u00edhac\u00ed skupiny 12. leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy americk\u00e9ho letectva. Letoun byl po\u0161kozen, podle jednoho zdroje, zp\u011btnou palbou z n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho bombard\u00e9ru Do. 217, na ostatn\u00edch \u2013 p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm ohn\u011bm. V pozad\u00ed je vid\u011bt tankov\u00e1 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 lo\u010f typu LST, ze kter\u00e9 je na b\u0159eh vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n americk\u00fd 817. \u017eenijn\u00ed leteck\u00fd prapor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

n\u011bmeck\u00fd proti\u00fatok<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed sp\u011b\u0161n\u011b stahuje jednotky z ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lie (76. tankov\u00fd sbor) na m\u00edsto vylod\u011bn\u00ed hlavn\u00edch nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch sil. Proti Brit\u016fm z\u016fstaly jen mal\u00e9 zadn\u00ed voje a sap\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed ni\u010dili komunikace. To umo\u017e\u0148uje 8. britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b snadno obsadit m\u011bsta Catanzaro a Nicastro do konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojeneck\u00e9 s\u00edly provedly dal\u0161\u00ed vylo\u010fovac\u00ed operaci – \u201eFarce\u201c (\u201eSlapstick\u201c). Britsk\u00e1 1. v\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 divize, podporovan\u00e1 12. k\u0159i\u017en\u00edkem, p\u0159ist\u00e1la na Tarantu, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 italsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u011b. Nebyly tam t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 s\u00edly a Britov\u00e9 se vylodili p\u0159\u00edmo v p\u0159\u00edstavu. M\u011bsto, p\u0159\u00edstav a leti\u0161t\u011b v okol\u00ed byly obsazeny bez odporu. Dal\u0161\u00ed spojeneck\u00fd pohyb zadr\u017eela n\u011bmeck\u00e1 1. v\u00fdsadkov\u00e1 divize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomalost spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy umo\u017enila N\u011bmc\u016fm p\u0159iv\u00e9st do oblasti Salerna dv\u011b divize \u2013 tankovou divizi Hermann Goering a 15. motorizovanou divizi. Prvn\u00ed posily dorazily 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a pos\u00edlily obranu 16. tankov\u00e9 divize. P\u0159\u00edjezd dvou diviz\u00ed 76. tankov\u00e9ho sboru byl zpo\u017ed\u011bn kv\u016fli nedostatku paliva. Do 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed N\u011bmci vychovali jednotky 29. motorizovan\u00e9 a 26. tankov\u00e9 divize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Z\u00e1sah 1400 kg klouzav\u00e9 pumy FX-1400 z letounu Dornier Do 217K ze 100. bombardovac\u00ed perut\u011b (KG 100) Luftwaffe zas\u00e1hl americk\u00fd lehk\u00fd k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk Savannah Salerno. Bomba zas\u00e1hla k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk na st\u0159echu t\u0159et\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee hlavn\u00edho kalibru a pot\u00e9, co ji prorazila, explodovala ve vnit\u0159ku lodi. K\u0159i\u017en\u00edk utrp\u011bl t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed a ztratil 197 mrtv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky. Savannah se poda\u0159ilo dostat na Maltu, aby podstoupila opravy. Dal\u0161\u00ed opravy a modernizace prob\u00edhaly ve Philadelphii a\u017e do 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1944.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odpoledne N\u011bmci s pomoc\u00ed dvou tankov\u00fdch a motorizovan\u00fdch diviz\u00ed zah\u00e1jili siln\u00fd proti\u00fatok na americk\u00e9 jednotky a rozd\u011blili je na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti. Dv\u011b americk\u00e9 divize byly pora\u017eeny a odvaleny zp\u011bt ke b\u0159ehu. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den se N\u011bmci chystali rozdrtit severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st spojeneck\u00e9 skupiny. Spojeneck\u00e9 velen\u00ed muselo p\u0159ijmout nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edmost\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se N\u011bmci 14. r\u00e1no pokusili nav\u00e1zat na sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, byly velk\u00e9 s\u00edly spojeneck\u00e9ho letectva vr\u017eeny do bitvy a bylo pou\u017eito n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159electvo. Jen 14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed provedlo spojeneck\u00e9 letectv\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 bojov\u00fdch let\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na p\u0159edmost\u00ed jsou p\u0159esunuty velk\u00e9 posily: 82. americk\u00e1 v\u00fdsadkov\u00e1, 7. britsk\u00e1 obrn\u011bn\u00e1 a 45. americk\u00e1 p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize. Do 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byli spojenci schopni pos\u00edlit sv\u00e9 pozice. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 obrana byla vystavena t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm ze vzduchu az lod\u00ed. Spojeneck\u00e1 flotila fungovala zcela bez ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci, kdy\u017e z \u0158\u00edma p\u0159ivedli posledn\u00ed jednotky 26. divize a pluk 3. motorizovan\u00e9 divize, 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed znovu za\u00fato\u010dili. Spojenci ale m\u011bli velkou v\u00fdhodu v palebn\u00e9 s\u00edle (podporovalo je n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo) a letectv\u00ed. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fatoky 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. N\u011bmc\u016fm se nepoda\u0159ilo vrhnout nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 jednotky do mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch spojeneck\u00e9 vylo\u010fovac\u00ed operace byl zp\u016fsoben n\u011bkolika faktory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za prv\u00e9, \u00fapln\u00e1 p\u0159evaha na mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za druh\u00e9, N\u011bmci nejprve nev\u011bd\u011bli, kde bude hlavn\u00ed \u00fatok, a bylo nutn\u00e9 probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it s italsk\u00fdmi ozbrojen\u00fdmi silami. To n\u00e1m nedovolilo soust\u0159edit s\u00edly a prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, n\u011bmeck\u00e9 skupin\u011b chyb\u00ed s\u00edla. Hitler a Rommel v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed udr\u017eet severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, oblast \u0158\u00edma. Veliteli skupiny arm\u00e1d Ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lie Kesselringu bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pou\u017e\u00edvat z\u00e1lohy ze severn\u00ed skupiny arm\u00e1d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tank Pz. Kpfw. IV Ausf. H z 8. roty 26. tankov\u00e9ho pluku 26. tankov\u00e9 divize, vy\u0159azena na silnici u Salerna. 14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 se tato jednotka z\u00fa\u010dastnila \u00fatoku na americk\u00e9 pozice ji\u017en\u011b od Salerna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ztratila 9 ze 14 vozidel. Vozidla byla zasa\u017eena palbou protitankov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva a RPG Bazooka.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zni\u010den\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd tank Pz. Kpfw. IV Ausf. H v oblasti italsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Salerno<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdvoj ofenzivy spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mezit\u00edm N\u011bmci celkem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b st\u00e1hli jednotky z jihu poloostrova, dr\u017eeli \u010d\u00e1st pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed severn\u011b od Salerna, ustoupili k nov\u00e9 linii a zaujali obranu s frontou na jihu. 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se jednotky 8. britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy spojily s Ameri\u010dany jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Salerna. Na Apeninsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b byla vytvo\u0159ena jedin\u00e1 frontov\u00e1 linie 15. skupiny arm\u00e1d. 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, kdy\u017e zjistili, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel ode\u0161el, p\u0159esunuli na sever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitel 15. skupiny arm\u00e1d Harold Alexander dal 21. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 za \u00fakol rozvinout ofenz\u00edvu s c\u00edlem do konce roku obsadit \u0158\u00edm s jeho leti\u0161ti a komunika\u010dn\u00edm uzlem Terni severn\u011b od italsk\u00e9 metropole. . P\u0159esunuv\u0161e se pod\u00e9l z\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed poloostrova za ustupuj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi jednotkami, vstoupili Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 1. \u0159\u00edjna do Neapole. 6. \u0159\u00edjna dos\u00e1hla americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u0159eky Volturno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Britov\u00e9 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obsadili Foggia a hlavn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v jej\u00edm okol\u00ed. Spojenci t\u011bmto leti\u0161t\u00edm p\u0159ikl\u00e1dali velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Z nich bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u00e1lety na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 c\u00edle v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii, Rakousku, N\u011bmecku, na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a v Rumunsku. 6. \u0159\u00edjna dos\u00e1hli brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci Termoli. V d\u016fsledku toho se spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy dostaly k linii \u0159ek Volturno, Campobasso a Termoli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mapa n\u011bmeck\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch opevn\u011bn\u00ed ji\u017en\u011b od \u0158\u00edma<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Po p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 pauze p\u0159ekro\u010dily americk\u00e9 jednotky v noci na 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1943 doln\u00ed Volturno na 80kilometrov\u00e9m \u00faseku. Za dva dny postoupili Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 jen o 5\u201310 km. A\u017e do konce m\u011bs\u00edce Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nedos\u00e1hli \u00fasp\u011bchu. Britov\u00e9 na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed zah\u00e1jili ofenz\u00edvu a\u017e 26. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed v klidu a organizovan\u011b st\u00e1hlo jednotky do nov\u00fdch pozic. Anglo-americk\u00e9 jednotky v podstat\u011b n\u00e1sledovaly systematicky ustupuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeckou arm\u00e1du. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem listopadu za\u010dali N\u011bmci stahovat jednotky do \u201ezimn\u00edch pozic\u201c, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zely neju\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Apenin jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Gaety a Pescary. Anglo-americk\u00e9 jednotky dos\u00e1hly t\u00e9to linie na za\u010d\u00e1tku listopadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokusy prorazit n\u011bmeckou obranu byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Spojeneck\u00e9 velen\u00ed nehodlalo trhat \u017e\u00edly \u00fatokem na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pozice. P\u0159edek se stabilizoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u011bmeck\u00fd polop\u00e1sov\u00fd traktor Sd. Kfz. 9 se p\u0159epravuje na podvaln\u00edku 23t p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsu Sd. Ah 116 tank Pz. Kpfw IV. N\u00e1kladn\u00ed auto na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b fotografie v pozad\u00ed je 3tunov\u00fd Opel Blitz model 3.6-6700 A. Podzim 1943.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

„vesuvius“<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed Spojenci obsadili Korsiku. Na ostrov\u011b byly 4 italsk\u00e9 divize (v\u010detn\u011b dvou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch) plus pomocn\u00e9 jednotky. V dob\u011b, kdy se It\u00e1lie vzdala, m\u011bli N\u011bmci na Korsice pouze \u00fato\u010dnou brig\u00e1du SS \u201eReichsf\u00fchrer SS\u201c \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed asi 4 tis\u00edce lid\u00ed a n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch protiletadlov\u00fdch a t\u00fdlov\u00fdch jednotek. Tyto s\u00edly nesta\u010dily na odzbrojen\u00ed Ital\u016f a organizaci obrany ostrova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitel n\u011bmeck\u00fdch sil gener\u00e1l Zenger se rozhodl evakuovat 90. motorizovanou divizi ze Sardinie na Korsiku s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm p\u0159esunem v\u0161ech n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek na kontinent. Aby toho dos\u00e1hla, ovl\u00e1dla brig\u00e1da SS 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav Bonifacio na jihu ostrova. Za \u00fa\u010delem evakuace jednotek z Korsiky do Livorna byl 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dobyt p\u0159\u00edstav Bastia na severu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edt\u00edm ovl\u00e1dali Italov\u00e9. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed komunikace mezi jihem a severem ostrova byla pou\u017eita silnice vedouc\u00ed pod\u00e9l v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho gener\u00e1l Zenger soust\u0159edil sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed nikoli na obranu ostrova, ale na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 evakuace z Korsiky. Celkem bylo nutn\u00e9 evakuovat t\u0159icetitis\u00edcovou skupinu s technikou a z\u00e1sobami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Korsice v r\u00e1mci operace Vesuv, na z\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ostrova, kter\u00e9 neovl\u00e1daly n\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky, se 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u010dala vylo\u010fovat 1. bojov\u00e1 skupina 4. horsk\u00e9 marock\u00e9 divize ze sil Svobodn\u00fdch Francouz\u016f v p\u0159\u00edstavu Ajaccio. Pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Henryho Martina bylo asi 6 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f, pos\u00edlen\u00fdch obrn\u011bn\u00fdmi vozidly. 21. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do\u0161lo k dohod\u011b mezi Francouzi a Italy o spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fatoku na Bastii po horsk\u00e9 silnici proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edem ostrova. Ofenzivu podpo\u0159ili i korsi\u010dt\u00ed partyz\u00e1ni \u2013 a\u017e 12 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u010dala aktivn\u00ed evakuace n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek, se kterou odch\u00e1zely italsk\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly v\u011brn\u00e9 Mussolinimu. Person\u00e1l byl evakuov\u00e1n hlavn\u011b letecky ze t\u0159\u00ed leti\u0161\u0165 na severu ostrova; t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zbran\u011b a vybaven\u00ed byly vyv\u00e1\u017eeny po mo\u0159i p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edstav Bastia. 17. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vylodili na Sardinii, odkud N\u011bmci ode\u0161li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed N\u011bmci opustili p\u0159edmost\u00ed na jihu Korsiky a za\u010dali ustupovat na sever. B\u011bhem \u00fastupu N\u011bmci zni\u010dili mosty na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed silnici a tak\u00e9 zni\u010dili v\u0161echna p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Bonifaciu a Porto-Vecchiu. Italsk\u00e1 divize Cremona, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9to oblasti s\u00eddlila, neposkytla N\u011bmc\u016fm opozici p\u0159i jejich \u00fastupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve 20. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojenci prudce zintenzivnili leteck\u00e9 operace. Anglo-americk\u00e1 letadla zah\u00e1jila n\u00e1lety na p\u0159\u00edstav Bastia a n\u011bmeck\u00e1 leti\u0161t\u011b ve snaze naru\u0161it evakuaci. N\u011bkolik transport\u016f a trajekt\u016f bylo potopeno. Nad mo\u0159em bylo sest\u0159eleno 11 dopravn\u00edch letadel Junkers. N\u011bmci za\u010dali prov\u00e1d\u011bt leteckou evakuaci p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v noci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se francouzsko-italsk\u00e9 jednotky za\u010daly soust\u0159e\u010fovat ji\u017en\u011b a z\u00e1padn\u011b od Bastie. Zadr\u017eela je \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 brig\u00e1da SS. V noci na 4. \u0159\u00edjna dokon\u010dili N\u011bmci systematickou evakuaci. Zbytky techniky a vojensk\u00e9 techniky zni\u010dili n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed sap\u00e9\u0159i. N\u011bmci zni\u010dili i p\u0159\u00edstav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkov\u011b to byl pro Wehrmacht \u00fasp\u011bch. Spojenci m\u011bli p\u0159evahu na mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu, ale umo\u017enili cel\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9mu sboru uniknout se zbran\u011bmi<\/a> a z\u00e1sobami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korsika byla prvn\u00edm regionem Francie osvobozen\u00fdm z okupace. Korsika byla obsazena americk\u00fdmi jednotkami a prom\u011bn\u011bna v jejich \u201enepotopitelnou letadlovou lo\u010f\u201c. Na ostrov\u011b bylo v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b vytvo\u0159eno 17 velk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165 a bylo na n\u011b p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bno letectv\u00ed, co\u017e sehr\u00e1lo d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch operac\u00edch v It\u00e1lii a Francii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Voj\u00e1ci a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci „Fighting France“ na palub\u011b lodi p\u0159ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm v Ajacciu na ostrov\u011b Korsika. Operace Vesuv.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anglo-americk\u00e9 jednotky, navzdory naprost\u00e9 p\u0159evaze na mo\u0159i a zna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159evaze v letectv\u00ed a \u017eiv\u00e9 s\u00edle, nebyly schopny okam\u017eit\u011b obsadit v\u011bt\u0161inu It\u00e1lie. Do konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 obsadili spojenci asi \u010dtvrtinu It\u00e1lie. Nad\u011bje, \u017ee N\u011bmci, nuceni bojovat na dvou front\u00e1ch \u2013 proti Angloameri\u010dan\u016fm a Ital\u016fm, sami opust\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu poloostrova, se nenaplnily. Velk\u00e1 italsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se rozpadla, slo\u017eila zbran\u011b a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b ode\u0161la dom\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na ostrov\u011b Malta podepsal \u0161\u00e9f italsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Badoglio p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo pr\u00e1va Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Anglie v It\u00e1lii. 13. \u0159\u00edjna vyhl\u00e1sila Badogliova vl\u00e1da N\u011bmecku v\u00e1lku. Ale ve\u0161ker\u00e1 moc v osvobozen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti It\u00e1lie pat\u0159ila Angloameri\u010dan\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ofenz\u00edva anglo-americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v It\u00e1lii a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed N\u011bmecka v roce 1943 nevedly k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. N\u011bmeck\u00fd t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd vojensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a v\u00fdroba jako celek neutrp\u011bly bombardov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0161kody. Posti\u017eeny byly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b klidn\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed celkem \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b evakuovalo jednotky z jihu poloostrova a Korsiky, m\u00e1lem vrhlo spojence zp\u011bt do mo\u0159e a systematicky vytv\u00e1\u0159elo obrann\u00e9 linie, kter\u00e9 Angloameri\u010dan\u00e9 nedok\u00e1zali prorazit. Spojenci se p\u0159esunuli na sever hlavn\u011b a\u017e s \u00fastupem n\u011bmeck\u00fdch diviz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Churchillova uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee operace v It\u00e1lii odklon\u00ed velk\u00e9 s\u00edly Wehrmachtu, co\u017e pom\u016f\u017ee Rus\u016fm, se tak\u00e9 nenaplnilo. N\u011bmci poslali do It\u00e1lie malou s\u00edlu, hlavn\u011b z Francie. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 bylo v It\u00e1lii pouze 17,5 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch diviz\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u011b N\u011bmci dr\u017eeli severn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed It\u00e1lii s 21 divizemi a 370 letouny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b byla vyvinuta strategie Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Anglie na prodlou\u017een\u00ed v\u00e1lky s c\u00edlem vy\u010derpat N\u011bmecko a Rusko. Spojenci se vylodili v Evrop\u011b, ale postupovali pomalu a posilovali sv\u016fj t\u00fdl (z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed, leti\u0161t\u011b, p\u0159\u00edstavy atd.). Divize z\u00edskaly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Bylo rozhodnuto pokra\u010dovat v boji v It\u00e1lii s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi silami, zachovat vzhled druh\u00e9 fronty a soust\u0159edit \u00fasil\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpravu vylod\u011bn\u00ed ve Francii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Voj\u00e1ci 10. sboru britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jezd\u00ed v zajat\u00e9m n\u011bmeck\u00e9m obrn\u011bn\u00e9m transport\u00e9ru Sd. Kfz. 250 na pontonov\u00e9m p\u0159echodu p\u0159es \u0159eku Volturno v It\u00e1lii. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed obrn\u011bn\u00fd transport\u00e9r. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku italsk\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed byl britsk\u00fd 10. sbor sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed americk\u00e9 5. arm\u00e1dy. \u0159\u00edjna 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci st\u0159\u00edl\u00ed z 2-palcov\u00e9ho minometu na m\u00edsto zni\u010den\u00e9ho domu v Grazzanise na \u0159ece Volturno. \u0159\u00edjna 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Brit\u0161t\u00ed arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sap\u00e9\u0159i pracuj\u00ed na pontonov\u00e9m p\u0159echodu na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Volturno v ji\u017en\u00ed It\u00e1lii. Na druhou stranu \u0159eky je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017een tank M4 Sherman. Listopad-prosinec 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anglo-americk\u00e9 jednotky, navzdory naprost\u00e9 p\u0159evaze na mo\u0159i i ve vzduchu a zna\u010dn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 s\u00edle, nebyly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nJak Wehrmacht zastavil Anglo-Americkou Avalanche - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/jak-wehrmacht-zastavil-anglo-americkou-avalanche\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak Wehrmacht zastavil Anglo-Americkou 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