{"id":1073,"date":"2023-10-09T07:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T05:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1073"},"modified":"2023-10-09T23:56:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T21:56:40","slug":"operace-suvorov-jak-ruda-armada-osvobodila-smolensk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/operace-suvorov-jak-ruda-armada-osvobodila-smolensk\/","title":{"rendered":"Operace Suvorov. Jak Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da osvobodila Smolensk."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Okupace Smolenska<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Smolensk\u00e1 oblast byla mezi prvn\u00edmi, kte\u0159\u00ed utrp\u011bli \u00fader nacistick\u00fdch jednotek. Ji\u017e v \u010dervnu 1941 prorazily n\u011bmeck\u00e9 mobiln\u00ed s\u00edly skupiny arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed do Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Dviny ve Vitebsk\u00e9 oblasti a Dn\u011bpru u Or\u0161i a Mogileva. 10. \u010dervence 1941 za\u010dala obrann\u00e1 bitva o Smolensk. 16. \u010dervence Guderianovy jednotky vtrhly do m\u011bsta. Na periferi\u00edch a v ulic\u00edch m\u011bsta se bojovalo v\u00edce ne\u017e dva t\u00fddny. 19. \u010dervence N\u011bmci pronikli do Yelnya a jednotky 16., 19. a 20. sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy byly obkl\u00ed\u010deny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. \u010dervence zah\u00e1jila Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da protiofenz\u00edvu a sna\u017eila se odstranit zbytky zablokovan\u00fdch arm\u00e1d z kotle. N\u011bmci v\u0161ak pokra\u010dovali v ofenziv\u011b a v noci na 29. \u010dervence na\u0161e jednotky kone\u010dn\u011b opustily Smolensk. Ve dnech 1.\u201321. srpna bojovala Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a Wehrmacht na v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku Smolensk. N\u011bmci dobyli Roslavl, na\u0161e jednotky ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159e\u0161ly do proti\u00fatoku. 16. srpna sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska znovu provedla proti\u00fatok s c\u00edlem porazit nep\u0159\u00e1telskou Jelninskou skupinu. 22. srpna \u2013 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se sov\u011btsk\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronta znovu pokusila vr\u00e1tit linii Velizh, Demidov a Smolensk, jednotky z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed fronty se dostaly do Jelny. 6. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na\u0161e jednotky dobyly Jelnyu zp\u011bt, ale nemohly postoupit d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrann\u00e1 bitva o Smolensk byla obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 a krvav\u00e1: sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska ztratila v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 tis\u00edc zabit\u00fdch a zran\u011bn\u00fdch. Pr\u016flom Wehrmachtu do Moskvy se v\u0161ak opozdil, co\u017e se stalo jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edpoklad\u016f pro zhroucen\u00ed bleskov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 garda se zrodila v krut\u00fdch boj\u00edch ve Smolensk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci proch\u00e1zej\u00ed pod obloukem na n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed v okupovan\u00e9m Smolensku. \u017delezn\u00fd oblouk rozd\u011bloval n\u00e1dra\u017en\u00ed budovy podle sm\u011br\u016f j\u00edzdy – \u017eeleznice Moskva-Brest (vlevo) a \u017eeleznice Rigo-Orlovskaja. V\u0161echny n\u00e1dra\u017en\u00ed budovy byly nacisty zcela zni\u010deny<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Okupace Smolenska trvala v\u00edce ne\u017e dva roky. Okres Smolensk byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Gener\u00e1ln\u00edho komisari\u00e1tu \u201eOstland\u201c \u2013 spolu s B\u011bloruskem a pobaltsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Hitlerova okupace byla pro Smolenskou oblast t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1. Populace, kter\u00e1 v roce 1939 \u010dinila asi 2 miliony lid\u00ed, se do konce v\u00e1lky sn\u00ed\u017eila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na polovinu. Celkem za obdob\u00ed okupace regionu nacist\u00e9 zabili v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 tis\u00edc civiln\u00edch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e 160 tis\u00edc vyhnali za prac\u00ed do T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a zabili 230 tis\u00edc v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toto jsou \u00fadaje St\u00e1tn\u00ed nouzov\u00e9 komise z roku 1945. Nacist\u00e9 vyp\u00e1lili asi 5 tis\u00edc smolensk\u00fdch vesnic. Asi 300 vesnic bylo vyp\u00e1leno i s jejich obyvateli \u2013 nacist\u00e9 se pomstili za podporu partyz\u00e1n\u016f. V b\u0159eznu 1943 tedy N\u011bmci shrom\u00e1\u017edili asi 400 obyvatel sousedn\u00edch vesnic do obce \u010certovka a vyp\u00e1lili je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ze 170 tis\u00edc obyvatel Smolenska do osvobozen\u00ed m\u011bsta v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 z\u016fstalo na\u017eivu 20 tis\u00edc. Ve m\u011bst\u011b bylo zabito 35 tis\u00edc civilist\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 tis\u00edc v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f, asi 90 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed bylo zahn\u00e1no do otroctv\u00ed. Samotn\u00e9 m\u011bsto bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010deno. Titul Hero City byl ud\u011blen Smolensku v roce 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nacistick\u00e1 politika zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na zni\u010den\u00ed \u201esov\u011btsk\u00fdch podlid\u00ed\u201c vyvolala siln\u00fd lidov\u00fd odpor. Navzdory v\u0161em trest\u016fm a masov\u00e9mu krvav\u00e9mu teroru partyz\u00e1ni do jara 1942 osvobodili od nacist\u016f 25 ze 42 okupovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Staly se \u201epartiz\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi regiony\u201c. Partyz\u00e1ni sv\u00fdmi akcemi potla\u010dili nep\u0159\u00e1telskou arm\u00e1du a podpo\u0159ili ofenzivu Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v roce 1943.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed \u017eenist\u00e9 obnovuj\u00ed zni\u010den\u00fd most p\u0159es Dn\u011bpr v osvobozen\u00e9m Smolensku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u00e1 situace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed na l\u00e9to – podzim 1943 pl\u00e1novalo po odra\u017een\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvy zah\u00e1jit rozs\u00e1hlou ofenz\u00edvu v \u0161irok\u00e9m p\u00e1su od Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e po Smolensk s c\u00edlem osvobodit levob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed Ukrajinu, p\u0159ekro\u010dit b\u0159eh Dn\u011bpru a vstupuj\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed Ukrajiny a B\u011bloruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam byl p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n por\u00e1\u017ece skupiny \u201eCentrum\u201c, kter\u00e1 dr\u017eela linii z\u00e1padn\u011b od Kirova, Spas-Demensk, Yartsev a Velizh a nach\u00e1zela se 250-300 km od Moskvy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee N\u011bmci udr\u017eovali p\u0159edmost\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto. Kalinin a z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty m\u011bly dos\u00e1hnout linie Smolensk a Roslavl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed p\u011b\u0161\u00e1ci p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed Dn\u011bpr v osvobozen\u00e9m Smolensku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hlavn\u00ed \u00fader zasadil Z\u00e1padn\u00ed front (WF) pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Sokolovsk\u00e9ho. Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed fronta m\u011bla porazit nep\u0159\u00edtele v oblastech Jelnya a Spas-Demensk a pot\u00e9 rozvinout ofenz\u00edvu sm\u011brem na Roslavl. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st sil prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla Pol\u00e1rn\u00edho frontu ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Eremenkov\u00fdm Kalininsk\u00fdm frontem (KF) postoupila na Jarcevo a Dorogobu\u017e s c\u00edlem Smolensk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin p\u0159ikl\u00e1dal operaci Suvorov velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam a po\u010d\u00e1tkem srpna 1943 poprv\u00e9 v cel\u00e9 v\u00e1lce osobn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvil velitelsk\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed a Kalininovy \u200b\u200bfronty a vyslechl tam zpr\u00e1vy od Sokolovsk\u00e9ho a Eremenka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed pochopilo, \u017ee kolaps obrany v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm strategick\u00e9m sm\u011bru je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. N\u011bmci v tomto sm\u011bru o\u010dek\u00e1vali velk\u00e9 operace Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. N\u011bmci soust\u0159edili sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na tvrdohlavou obranu okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed. Ve sm\u011brech Smolensk a Roslavl bylo p\u0159ipraveno p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est obrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem a lini\u00ed s odstupem 100\u2013130 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zadn\u00ed linie obvykle vedly pod\u00e9l b\u0159eh\u016f \u0159ek. S voj\u00e1ky jednali podle pot\u0159eby. M\u011bsta Novosokolniki, Vitebsk, Surazh, Rudnya, Dukhovshchina, Yartsevo, Dorogobuzh, Yelnya, Spas-Demensk, Demidov, Smolensk, Roslavl se zm\u011bnila v siln\u00e1 centra odporu, p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 na v\u0161estrannou obranu. Silnice v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sm\u011brech byly zaminov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u00e1su \u0161irok\u00e9m 600 km m\u011blo velen\u00ed skupiny arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed pod veden\u00edm poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la Klugeho 44 diviz\u00ed 3. tankov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy ,<\/a> 4. a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b 2. tankov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Reinhardt, Heinrici a Model. Tuto skupinu tvo\u0159ilo 850 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f a d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, 8 800 d\u011bl a minomet\u016f, asi 500 tank\u016f a \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bl a a\u017e 700 bojov\u00fdch letadel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Operace Suvorov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku operace byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed CF 3. a 4. \u00fadern\u00e9 jednotky, 43., 39. a 3. leteck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, 3. gardov\u00fd j\u00edzdn\u00ed sbor a Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotila zahrnovala 31., 5., 10. -I. gardy, 33., 49. , 10., 50., 68., 21. a 1. leteck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, 5. mechanizovan\u00fd a 6. gardov\u00fd j\u00edzdn\u00ed sbor. Celkem v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,2 milionu lid\u00ed, p\u0159es 20 tis\u00edc d\u011bl a minomet\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,4 tis\u00edce tank\u016f a samohybn\u00fdch d\u011bl, 1100 bojov\u00fdch letadel. Divize v\u0161ak byly poddimenzovan\u00e9 – pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det st\u0159eleck\u00fdch diviz\u00ed byl 6,5\u20137 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Voj\u00e1ci zaznamenali nedostatek munice (2\u20132,5 n\u00e1boj\u016f) a paliva (1,3\u20132,8 n\u00e1boj\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitel Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotily Sokolovskij ve sm\u011bru hlavn\u00edho \u00fatoku vy\u010dlenil 10. gardovou, 3., 68. a 21. arm\u00e1du, 5. mechanizovan\u00fd a 6. gardov\u00fd jezdeck\u00fd sbor. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jednotky musely prolomit nep\u0159\u00e1telskou obranu v oblasti \u0161irok\u00e9 16 km, porazit hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly n\u011bmeck\u00e9 4. arm\u00e1dy, osvobodit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed uzel Roslavl, pot\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout linie Jarcevo, Po\u010dinok, Dubrovka. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 hloubka postupu byla 180\u2013200 km. Na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle fronty zah\u00e1jily s\u00edly 31. a 5. arm\u00e1dy \u00fadery s c\u00edlem porazit nep\u0159\u00edtele v oblastech Jarcev a Dorogobuzh, po kter\u00e9m n\u00e1sledoval rozvoj ofenzivy ve spolupr\u00e1ci s jednotkami \u010cF sm\u011brem na Smolensk. 10. arm\u00e1da postupovala z oblasti Kirov k Obolovce a Voroncovu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitel jednotek KF Eremenko zasadil hlavn\u00ed \u00fader se silami 39. arm\u00e1dy z prostoru Dmitrovky ve sm\u011bru na Dukhov\u0161\u010dinu, Smolensk. Zyginova arm\u00e1da m\u011bla porazit n\u011bmeck\u00fd 27. sbor a spolu s jednotkami prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla pol\u00e1rn\u00ed fronty osvobodit Smolensk. Druh\u00fd \u00fader zasadila Golubevova 43. arm\u00e1da z oblasti severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Verdina v obecn\u00e9m sm\u011bru na Skugrevo (15 km jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od D\u011bmidova).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st d\u011blost\u0159electva byla soust\u0159ed\u011bna v \u00fadern\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. V Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotile bylo do d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy \u00fatoku zapojeno 4 950 d\u011bl a minomet\u016f a v KF – 1 653. Hustota d\u011blost\u0159electva v 39. arm\u00e1d\u011b dos\u00e1hla 130 a v 10. gardov\u00e9 a 33. arm\u00e1d\u011b – 165 jednotek na 1 km .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed pl\u00e1novalo porazit lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 skupiny arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed a zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159esunu jej\u00edch diviz\u00ed na jih, kde Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zasazovala hlavn\u00ed \u00fader. Kone\u010dn\u011b odstranit hrozbu \u00fatoku Wehrmachtu na Moskvu, osvobodit Smolenskou oblast a \u010d\u00e1st B\u011bloruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Operace z\u00edskala kryc\u00ed jm\u00e9no \u201eSuvorov\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Za pohybu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prolomit obranu Wehrmachtu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 rozv\u011bdka objevila rusk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy na ofenzivu ve sm\u011bru na Smolensk. \u00datok proto nebyl n\u00e1hl\u00fd. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed pos\u00edlilo sv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 formace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 7. srpna 1943 po siln\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b p\u0159e\u0161ly divize 10. gardov\u00e9 a 33. arm\u00e1dy Trubnikova a Gordova do \u00fatoku. Boje se okam\u017eit\u011b prot\u00e1hly. Nacist\u00e9 zu\u0159iv\u011b vzdorovali a podnikali proti\u00fatoky. Do konce dne na\u0161e jednotky pronikly 4 km do nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 obrany. 8. srpna zavedlo velen\u00ed Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotily do boje druh\u00fd sled, ale bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu. N\u011bmc\u016fm se tak\u00e9 poda\u0159ilo p\u0159esunout posily ze sm\u011bru Oryol \u2013 \u010d\u00e1sti 2. tankov\u00e9, 36. a 56. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed vrh\u00e1 do boje mobiln\u00ed formaci, kter\u00e1 musela b\u00fdt zavedena do ji\u017e prora\u017een\u00e9 d\u00edry, Sokolov\u016fv 6. gardov\u00fd jezdeck\u00fd sbor. Str\u00e1\u017ee se v\u0161ak na mezi\u010d\u00e1\u0159e setkaly se siln\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm odporem a pr\u016flom do hloubky nebyl mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l d\u011blost\u0159electva Voronov jako z\u00e1stupce velitelstv\u00ed na obou front\u00e1ch 9. srpna hl\u00e1sil Stalinovi, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel je dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven na obranu a v\u00ed o chystan\u00e9 ofenz\u00edv\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z na\u0161ich diviz\u00ed nejsou p\u0159ipraveny na \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 operace, nen\u00ed dostatek pr\u016flomov\u00fdch tank\u016f. Velitel\u00e9 st\u0159eleck\u00fdch jednotek nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak interagovat s na\u0161\u00edm siln\u00fdm d\u011blost\u0159electvem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marshall tak\u00e9 poznamenal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eByly tam pauzy s \u00fatoky, touhou odpo\u010d\u00edvat, p\u0159e\u010dkat nep\u0159\u00edtele, obvi\u0148ovat nebo spol\u00e9hat na souseda a tak d\u00e1le. Vojska v diviz\u00edch, pluc\u00edch a n\u00ed\u017ee jsou st\u00e1le \u0161patn\u011b \u0159\u00edzena. \u0158ada velitel\u016f je velmi citliv\u00e1 na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 proti\u00fatoky.
Voronov po\u017e\u00e1dal velitelstv\u00ed, aby p\u0159id\u011blilo v\u00edce munice, tank\u016f, d\u011blost\u0159electva a zapojilo do operace d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 letectvo<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem sedmi dn\u016f intenzivn\u00edch boj\u016f jednotky Pol\u00e1rn\u00edho frontu za cenu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t pronikly obranou nep\u0159\u00edtele o 12\u201316 km a prolomily taktick\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo v p\u00e1su \u0161irok\u00e9m 25\u201330 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle fronty postoupily jednotky 31. a 5. arm\u00e1dy Gluzdovsk\u00e9ho a Polenova b\u011bhem 7.\u20138. srpna jen o 3\u20135 km. A\u017e 10 km \u0161irok\u00e1 a hlubok\u00e1 d\u00edra do nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 obrany dok\u00e1zala za dva dny ud\u011blat pouze Popovova 10. arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 p\u0159e\u0161la do \u00fatoku 10. srpna. Sokolovsk\u00fd se rozhodl p\u0159esunout Volkov\u016fv 5. mechanizovan\u00fd sbor do t\u00e9to oblasti, kde do\u0161lo k \u00fasp\u011bchu. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed 130kilometrov\u00e9ho pochodu se do konce 12. srpna soust\u0159edil v nov\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1no 13. srpna tankist\u00e9 p\u0159e\u0161li do \u00fatoku, ale nep\u0159\u00edtel tak\u00e9 nespal a ji\u017e stihl p\u0159ipravit obranu na mezilinii. M\u00edsto pr\u016flomu byl mechanizovan\u00fd sbor vta\u017een do vlekl\u00fdch boj\u016f v oblasti Tyagajev. 14.\u201316. srpna sov\u011btsk\u00e9 divize pronikly obranou nep\u0159\u00edtele o dal\u0161\u00edch 5\u201310 km. Mechanizovan\u00fd sbor, kter\u00fd ztratil svou \u00fadernou s\u00edlu, byl sta\u017een do t\u00fdlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161im se sice nepoda\u0159ilo proniknout do obrany, ale hrozilo, \u017ee se Rusov\u00e9 dostanou do t\u00fdlu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 skupiny v oblasti Spas-Demensk. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 stahovat jednotky. Gri\u0161inova 49. arm\u00e1da zahajuje pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a 13. srpna s podporou 33. arm\u00e1dy osvobozuje Spas-Demensk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 p\u011bchota na p\u0159\u00edstupech do Spas-Demensk. srpna 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Voj\u00e1ci Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy ut\u00edkaj\u00ed do protitankov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkopu kolem rozbit\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho protitankov\u00e9ho d\u011bla 75 mm PaK 41 b\u011bhem \u00fatoku na Gnezdilovsk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny (v\u00fd\u0161ka 233,3, 3 km od obce Gnezdilovo, okr. L\u00e1zn\u011b-Demenskij). Fotografie byla po\u0159\u00edzena b\u011bhem \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 operace jednotek z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty b\u011bhem operace Spas-Demen. srpna 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


13. srpna p\u0159e\u0161la Zyginova 39. arm\u00e1da do \u00fatoku. Za \u0161est dn\u00ed boj\u016f zatla\u010dila N\u011bmce zp\u011bt o 5\u20136 km. N\u011bmci aktivn\u011b p\u0159e\u0161li do proti\u00fatoku, jen b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho dne podnikla nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 p\u011bchota podporovan\u00e1 tanky a letadly 24 proti\u00fatok\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi tedy nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 proniknout do obrany Wehrmachtu a zav\u00e9st mobiln\u00ed formace do mezer. N\u011bmci, op\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se o silnou obranu, bojovali obratn\u011b a p\u0159evedli pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 posily. Od 1. srpna do 18. srpna p\u0159evedlo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed a\u017e 13 diviz\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il bojov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l 4. poln\u00ed arm\u00e1dy. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jednotky se zakously do nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 obrany a zatla\u010dily ho zp\u011bt. Bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout znateln\u00e9ho pokroku pouze ve sm\u011bru Spas-Demen, proto\u017ee zde ustupovali sami N\u011bmci. Byl znateln\u00fd nedostatek munice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ofenz\u00edva ve sm\u011bru na Smolensk odvedla pozornost n\u011bmeck\u00fdch sil z jihu. 28. srpna Kluge hl\u00e1sil F\u00fchrerovi, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d o sta\u017een\u00ed sil z jeho sektoru fronty na pomoc skupin\u011b arm\u00e1d Jih.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1stupce n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu gener\u00e1l Antonov informoval 25. srpna Stalina o postupu operace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eVoj\u00e1ci se zde pot\u00fdkali s velk\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je zde obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd zalesn\u011bn\u00fd a ba\u017einat\u00fd ter\u00e9n, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd odpor nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch jednotek, kter\u00e9 posiluj\u00ed jednotky p\u0159eveden\u00e9 z Brjansk\u00e9 oblasti.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci odstra\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fd n\u00e1pis v osvobozen\u00e9m Spas-Demensku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Voj\u00e1ci a velitel\u00e9 Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na ulici osvobozen\u00e9 L\u00e1zn\u011b-Demensk<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Elnyi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tkem t\u0159et\u00ed dek\u00e1dy srpna 1943 se celkov\u00e1 situace na sov\u011btsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 front\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b rozvinuly ofenz\u00edvu ji\u017en\u00edm sm\u011brem. Jednotky Brjansk\u00e9ho a Centr\u00e1ln\u00edho frontu dos\u00e1hly p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k Ljudinovu a Brjansku a ohro\u017eovaly ji\u017en\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddlo skupiny St\u0159ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed postup arm\u00e1d prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla Brjansk\u00e9ho frontu umo\u017enil kryt\u00ed skupiny Roslavl Wehrmacht z ji\u017en\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velen\u00ed Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotily se rozhodne zm\u011bnit sm\u011br hlavn\u00edho \u00fatoku z Roslavle na Jelnu a Smolensk. Hlavn\u00ed \u00fader zasad\u00ed 10. garda, 21. a 33. arm\u00e1da. Krylovov\u011b 21. arm\u00e1d\u011b byl pod\u0159\u00edzen 2. gardov\u00fd tankov\u00fd sbor a sedm d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch brig\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijely ze z\u00e1lohy vrchn\u00edho velitelstv\u00ed, a 33. arm\u00e1da byla pod\u0159\u00edzena 5. mechanizovan\u00e9mu a 6. gardov\u00e9mu jezdeck\u00e9mu sboru a tak\u00e9 p\u011bt d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch brig\u00e1d. \u00dadern\u00e1 skupina frontu musela operovat v p\u00e1su \u0161irok\u00e9m 36 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed 31. a 5. arm\u00e1dy se \u017duravlevova 68. arm\u00e1da p\u0159esunula na prav\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo. Tato skupina obdr\u017eela rozkaz ve spolupr\u00e1ci s CF osvobodit m\u011bsta Dorogobuzh a Yartsevo. Vojska lev\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla m\u011bla rozvinout ofenz\u00edvu ve sm\u011bru Roslavl. Probl\u00e9m nedostatku munice p\u0159itom p\u0159etrv\u00e1val a je\u0161t\u011b se prohluboval (arm\u00e1dy m\u011bly mezi 0,25 a 1,3 n\u00e1boje).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed flotila v r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00ed pauzy p\u0159eskupovala a soust\u0159e\u010fovala voj\u00e1ky v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na novou f\u00e1zi ofenz\u00edvy, CF pokra\u010dovala v pokusech o ofenz\u00edvu. 39. arm\u00e1da postupovala ve sm\u011bru Dukhshchinsky, ale bez \u00fasp\u011bchu. Comfront Eremenko po\u017e\u00e1dal velitelstv\u00ed, aby do\u010dasn\u011b zastavilo ofenz\u00edvu, ale dostal rozkaz postupovat do 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, aby odvr\u00e1til pozornost nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zni\u010den\u00e9 domy na ulici osvobozen\u00e9ho Dorogobuzh. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


28. srpna 1943 za\u00fato\u010dila Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed divize ve sm\u011bru Elninsky. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 p\u011bchota s pomoc\u00ed siln\u00fdch d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch a leteck\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f prolomila nep\u0159\u00e1telskou obranu v oblasti \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u017e 30 km a do hloubky 12\u201315 km za 2 dny. Dne 30. srpna byl do pr\u016flomu zaveden 2. gardov\u00fd tankov\u00fd sbor Burdeyny, kter\u00fd zdolal a\u017e 20 km a spolu s formacemi a jednotkami 10. gardov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy dobyl velkou silni\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatku a pevnost ve sm\u011bru Smolensk – Jelnya. N\u011bmci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed stahovat jednotky p\u0159ed polenovskou 5. arm\u00e1dou. 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na\u0161e jednotky osvobodily Dorogobuzh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska postupovala v p\u00e1smu \u0161irok\u00e9m 150 km. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed p\u0159esouv\u00e1 posily z jin\u00fdch sektor\u016f a obsazuje zadn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 linie. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jednotky jsou op\u011bt vtahov\u00e1ny do vlekl\u00fdch pozi\u010dn\u00edch boj\u016f. Pokrok je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed – 1\u20133 km za den, ztr\u00e1ty jsou velk\u00e9. Po\u010det bojovn\u00edk\u016f v diviz\u00edch byl do 3\u20134,5 tis.. Probl\u00e9mem byl nedostatek munice. N\u011bmci, kte\u0159\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ili sv\u00e9 s\u00edly ve sm\u011bru Smolensk a Roslavl, zastavili postup na\u0161ich sil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed minometn\u00edci pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed po Leninov\u011b ulici v osvobozen\u00e9m Dorogobu\u017ei. V dob\u011b osvobozen\u00ed m\u011bsta z\u016fstalo pouze 64 objekt\u016f vhodn\u00fdch k obnov\u011b. Mnoho z\u00e1sadn\u00edch historick\u00fdch<\/a> budov bylo vyhozeno do pov\u011bt\u0159\u00ed ustupuj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi vojsky.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011btsk\u00fd tank T-34 na ulici osvobozen\u00e9 Yelnya<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lafety Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy p\u0159epravuj\u00ed 76mm divizn\u00ed d\u011blo vzoru 1939 (USV) po ulici osvobozen\u00e9 Yelnya<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osvobozen\u00ed Smolenska<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed bylo nuceno ud\u011blat si dal\u0161\u00ed pauzu. Ve dnech 7.\u201314. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska upevnila sv\u00e9 pozice na obsazen\u00fdch lini\u00edch, provedla pr\u016fzkum a p\u0159eskupila se. Hlavn\u00ed \u00fakol byl stejn\u00fd \u2013 osvobozen\u00ed Roslavle a Smolenska, rozvinut\u00ed ofenz\u00edvy na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00edly p\u0159ipravovaly \u00fader ve sm\u011bru na Smolensk a Orsha. Hlavn\u00ed \u00fader zasadila 10. gardov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, 21. a 33. arm\u00e1da, 2. gardov\u00fd tank, 5. mechanizovan\u00fd, 6. a 3. gardov\u00fd j\u00edzdn\u00ed sbor. Nejprve na\u0161e jednotky musely prolomit nep\u0159\u00e1telskou obranu v oblasti \u0161irok\u00e9 12 km, obsadit oblast Pochinka, zachytit \u017eeleznici a d\u00e1lnici Smolensk-Roslavl. Pot\u00e9 s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u00fdch sil osvobo\u010fte Smolensk a s hlavn\u00edmi silami prove\u010fte ofenz\u00edvu v obecn\u00e9m sm\u011bru Orsha. Arm\u00e1dy na prav\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle (31., 5. a 68.) m\u011bly zni\u010dit nep\u0159\u00edtele v oblasti Jarcev a dostat se k \u0159ek\u00e1m Vop a Dn\u011bpr. Arm\u00e1dy na lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle (49. a 10.) m\u011bly p\u0159ekro\u010dit \u0159eku. Desnou a osvobodit m\u011bsto Roslavl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo CF m\u011blo porazit nacisty v oblastech Dukhovshchina a Demidov, pot\u00e9 ude\u0159it v obecn\u00e9m sm\u011bru Rudnya a Vitebsk. Hlavn\u00ed role v operaci byla nad\u00e1le p\u0159id\u011blena 39. arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed \u017eenist\u00e9 poddoluj\u00ed most v Roslavli<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


14. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u010dala ofenz\u00edva 39. arm\u00e1dy a lev\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla 43. arm\u00e1dy. Do konce dne postoupili do hloubky 3 a\u017e 13 km, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se pr\u016flom roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na 30 km. V n\u00e1vaznosti na sv\u016fj \u00fasp\u011bch osvobodily p\u0159edsunut\u00e9 jednotky 39. arm\u00e1dy pod velen\u00edm gener\u00e1la Berzarina v noci 19. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u011bsto Dukhov\u0161\u010dina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitelstv\u00ed pov\u011b\u0159ilo jednotky CF \u00fakolem osvobodit Vitebsk. Do 30. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed arm\u00e1dy st\u0159edu a lev\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla Kalininsk\u00e9ho frontu dos\u00e1hly linie Usvyaty-Rudnya, ale nebyly schopny zlomit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd odpor ve sm\u011bru Vitebsk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161ly jednotky Pol\u00e1rn\u00edho frontu pot\u0159et\u00ed do \u00fatoku. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne byl ve sm\u011bru hlavn\u00edho \u00fatoku pr\u016flom roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en na 20 km \u0161irok\u00fd a 10 km hlubok\u00fd. Vojska 31. arm\u00e1dy dobyla siln\u00e9 centrum odporu \u2013 m\u011bsto a n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed Yartsevo a voj\u00e1ci 10. arm\u00e1dy p\u0159ekro\u010dili \u0159eku. Guma. Do 20. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 jednotky ubojovaly 40 km. Velitelstv\u00ed rozhodlo, \u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel byl pora\u017een a bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nejen osvobodit Smolensk, ale tak\u00e9 dob\u00fdt oblasti Or\u0161a a Mogilev do 10.\u201312. \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Voj\u00e1ci 1099. p\u011b\u0161\u00edho pluku (velitel pluku major Boris Ivanovi\u010d Elizarov) 326. p\u011b\u0161\u00ed divize vstupuj\u00ed do osvobozen\u00e9 Roslavle. 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


V noci na 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se jednotky 31., 5. a 68. arm\u00e1dy gener\u00e1l\u016f Gluzdovsk\u00e9ho, Polenova a \u017duravleva z r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f dostaly do Smolenska a brzy jej zcela vy\u010distily od N\u011bmc\u016f. Sap\u00e9\u0159i za\u010dali zakl\u00e1dat p\u0159echody p\u0159es Dn\u011bpr a \u010distili ruiny od min.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komisa\u0159 partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu Alexander Khomich p\u0159ipomn\u011bl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePo m\u011bst\u011b se nedalo pohybovat: v\u0161echno ho\u0159elo, explodovalo, \u0159valo. M\u00edsto zahrady jsou tam hromady d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, mrtvoly lid\u00ed a kon\u011b. Tam, kde byl p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou tov\u00e1rna na len, byly \u0159ady \u0161ibenic, na ka\u017ed\u00e9 bylo n\u011bkolik ob\u011b\u0161enc\u016f. Rozbit\u00fdmi okny byly vid\u011bt polorozpadl\u00e9 domy a vypadaly jako lebky s pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi o\u010dn\u00edmi d\u016flky. V kou\u0159\u00edc\u00edch ruin\u00e1ch lid\u00e9 nepoznali sv\u00e9 domovy. Pouze cimbu\u0159\u00ed Kremlu \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee to je ono, n\u00e1\u0161 Smolensk.
Korespondent listu Krasnoarmejskaja pravda na z\u00e1padn\u00ed front\u011b Evgeny Vorobyov napsal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZa \u00fasvitu se m\u011bsto zd\u00e1lo mrtv\u00e9. Ale jak p\u0159i\u0161lo r\u00e1no, lid\u00e9 vyb\u00edhali odn\u011bkud ze sklep\u016f, z p\u016fd, ze sklepen\u00ed, vrhli se ke zv\u011bd\u016fm a v radostn\u00e9m zmatku jim pod\u00e1vali ruce, obj\u00edmali je, plakali a \u0159\u00edkali n\u011bjak\u00e1 nesouvisl\u00e1, l\u00e1skypln\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 by mohla sly\u0161et v \u017eivot\u011b jen od bl\u00edzk\u00fdch lid\u00ed po dlouh\u00e9m, ho\u0159k\u00e9m odlou\u010den\u00ed.“
T\u00e9ho\u017e dne jednotky 10. arm\u00e1dy operuj\u00edc\u00ed na lev\u00e9m k\u0159\u00eddle osvobodily Roslavl. Ve\u010der 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Moskva na po\u010dest dvojit\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed pozdravila jednotky z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty 20 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdmi salvami z 244 d\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci pokra\u010dovali v ofenziv\u011b a v pohybu p\u0159ekro\u010dili \u0159eku. Sozh, m\u011bsta Krasnyj, Mstislavl a Krichev byla osvobozena. 2. \u0159\u00edjna dos\u00e1hla Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da linie Eliseevka, Lyady, Lenino, Dribin a d\u00e1le na jih pod\u00e9l \u0159eky. Pronya do Petukhovky. Jejich pokusy prorazit do Or\u0161e a Mogileva v\u0161ak byly ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Operace Suvorov byla dokon\u010dena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pr\u016fzkumn\u00edci 169. samostatn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 roty (velitel – kapit\u00e1n Vasilij Vasiljevi\u010d U\u0161akov) 133. st\u0159eleck\u00e9 divize na b\u0159ehu Dn\u011bpru v osvobozen\u00e9m Smolensku. V pozad\u00ed je vid\u011bt Cathedral Hill a Katedr\u00e1la Nanebevzet\u00ed Panny Marie. Skauti hledaj\u00ed m\u00edsto, kde by se zam\u011b\u0159ili na p\u0159echod Dn\u011bpru.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Panorama zni\u010den\u00e9ho Smolenska po \u00fastupu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jednotky lev\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla Kalininovy \u200b\u200ba z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty, kter\u00e9 zah\u00e1jily ofenz\u00edvu v z\u00f3n\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u017e 400 km, postoupily do hloubky 200\u2013250 km. Osvobodili \u00fazem\u00ed Smolensk\u00e9 oblasti, p\u0159es 7500 osad, v\u010detn\u011b m\u011bst Smolensk, Roslavl, Jarcevo, Jel\u0148a, Spas-Demensk, Dorogobuzh, Dukhovshchina a D\u011bmidov. Za\u010dalo osvobozov\u00e1n\u00ed B\u011bloruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7 diviz\u00ed Wehrmachtu bylo pora\u017eeno, dal\u0161\u00edch 14 diviz\u00ed utrp\u011blo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eiv\u00e9 s\u00edle a technice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K zastaven\u00ed rusk\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvy bylo n\u011bmeck\u00e9 velen\u00ed nuceno p\u0159esunout 16 r\u016fzn\u00fdch formac\u00ed na sm\u011br Smolensk a Roslavl. Kalininsk\u00e1 a z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronta sv\u00e1zala asi 55 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch diviz\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011blo k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu rozvoji ofenz\u00edvy ji\u017en\u00edm strategick\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b se nepoda\u0159ilo zni\u010dit smolenskou skupinu skupiny arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed. N\u011bmci se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b br\u00e1nili a p\u0159evedli posily, \u010demu\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00e9 letectv\u00ed nemohlo zabr\u00e1nit. Podle pot\u0159eby se n\u011bmeck\u00e9 formace stahovaly do t\u00fdlu, p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 linie. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a sbor nedok\u00e1zaly prorazit obranu nep\u0159\u00edtele do velk\u00e9 hloubky, vytvo\u0159ily kapsy a zni\u010dily obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 formace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po opera\u010dn\u00edch pauz\u00e1ch musela Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da t\u0159ikr\u00e1t nabourat nep\u0159\u00e1telskou obranu. Zm\u011b\u0148te sm\u011br hlavn\u00edho \u00fatoku, p\u0159eskupte s\u00edly a prost\u0159edky. Kdy\u017e je nedostatek munice a paliva. Ztr\u00e1ty byly vysok\u00e9 \u2013 p\u0159es 450 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed (v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 tis\u00edc neodvolateln\u00fdch), v\u00edce ne\u017e 850 tank\u016f a samohybn\u00fdch d\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkov\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty podle sov\u011btsk\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f: 200\u2013250 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, podle n\u011bmeck\u00fdch – 70 tis\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed sap\u00e9\u0159i odminuj\u00ed pod\u00e9l n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Dn\u011bpru v osvobozen\u00e9m Smolensku. V d\u00e1lce je vid\u011bt Cathedral Hill a Katedr\u00e1la Nanebevzet\u00ed Panny Marie<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Obyvatel\u00e9 Smolenska hovo\u0159\u00ed s voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed osvobodili Smolensk<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okupace Smolenska Smolensk\u00e1 oblast byla mezi prvn\u00edmi, kte\u0159\u00ed utrp\u011bli \u00fader nacistick\u00fdch jednotek. Ji\u017e v \u010dervnu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nOperace Suvorov. 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