{"id":1309,"date":"2023-10-13T08:38:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T06:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1309"},"modified":"2023-10-12T07:43:22","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T05:43:22","slug":"donbass-je-nas-pred-80-lety-zacala-bitva-o-dnepr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/donbass-je-nas-pred-80-lety-zacala-bitva-o-dnepr\/","title":{"rendered":"Donbass je n\u00e1\u0161! P\u0159ed 80 lety za\u010dala bitva o Dn\u011bpr"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ener\u00e1ln\u00ed ofenz\u00edva Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Por\u00e1\u017eka Wehrmachtu na Kursk Ardens ( Charkov je svobodn\u00fd! Ne\u00fasp\u011bch operace Citadela ) vedla k tomu, \u017ee N\u011bmci nemohli kl\u00e1st dlouhodob\u00fd odpor ve sm\u011bru Orjol a Charkov. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da utrp\u011bla t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eiv\u00e9 s\u00edle a vybaven\u00ed. St\u011b\u017e\u00ed nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 rezervy byly utraceny. Wehrmacht nedok\u00e1zal nahradit ztr\u00e1ty, mobiliza\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti N\u011bmecka dos\u00e1hly sv\u00e9ho limitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le prob\u00edhaly bitvy o Charkov a Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, inspirovan\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm, se hnala vp\u0159ed. Na dvoutis\u00edcovou n\u011bmeckou frontu ude\u0159ilo osm sov\u011btsk\u00fdch front, kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtaly v jejich \u0159ad\u00e1ch 4,5 milionu lid\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b i odd\u011blen\u011b, st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b a sou\u010dasn\u011b. Wehrmacht nedok\u00e1zal udr\u017eet v\u0161echny pozice a postupn\u011b se st\u00e1hl zp\u011bt, ale zachoval si vysok\u00fd bojov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a vedl aktivn\u00ed obranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u011bmeck\u00fd obrn\u011bn\u00fd transport\u00e9r Sd. Kfz. 251 pobl\u00ed\u017e ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed chatr\u010de v ukrajinsk\u00e9 vesnici v oblasti Dn\u011bpru. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011btsk\u00fd MLRS BM-8-48 zalo\u017een\u00fd na americk\u00e9m n\u00e1kladn\u00edm automobilu Chevrolet G7117 jezd\u00ed po b\u0159ez\u00edch Dn\u011bpru v oblasti p\u0159edmost\u00ed Bukrinsk\u00e9ho. \u0159\u00edjna 1943<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u010cas od \u010dasu,\u201c poznamenal n\u011bmeck\u00fd gener\u00e1l M\u00fcller-Hillebrand, \u201ev d\u016fsledku na\u0161ich \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch proti\u00fatok\u016f selhala ofenziva rusk\u00fdch jednotek, ale obecn\u011b k pauz\u00e1m v ofenziv\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00fdch jednotek ve skute\u010dnosti nedoch\u00e1zelo ani tak proto, se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo stabilizovat na\u0161i obrannou frontu, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli nedostatk\u016fm z\u00e1sobovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk.
St\u0159edn\u00ed, Voron\u011b\u017esk\u00e1, Stepn\u00ed, Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed fronta m\u011bla za \u00fakol porazit hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly Wehrmachtu na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle v\u00fdchodn\u00ed fronty, osvobodit levob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed Ukrajinu a Donbas, dostat se k Dn\u011bpru, p\u0159ekro\u010dit jej a zmocnit se p\u0159edmost\u00ed na jeho prav\u00e9 stran\u011b. banka. Kalininsk\u00e1, Z\u00e1padn\u00ed a Brjansk\u00e1 fronta m\u011bla porazit n\u011bmeckou arm\u00e1dn\u00ed skupinu St\u0159ed. Severokavkazsk\u00fd front musel vyhnat nep\u0159\u00edtele z Tamanu a zah\u00e1jit osvobozov\u00e1n\u00ed Krymu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

„V\u00fdchodn\u00ed ze\u010f“<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed nyn\u00ed d\u011blalo v\u0161e pro udr\u017een\u00ed Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eOpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Donbasu a st\u0159edn\u00ed Ukrajiny bude m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek ztr\u00e1tu nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch leti\u0161\u0165, velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty potravin, uhl\u00ed, energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a surovin,\u201c
\u2013 napsal poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Keitel ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b pro OKW (vrchn\u00ed velen\u00ed Wehrmachtu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci doufali p\u0159echodem do defenz\u00edvy stabilizovat situaci na rusk\u00e9 front\u011b a dos\u00e1hnout pauzy pro p\u0159\u00edpravu a p\u0159esun z\u00e1loh. 11. srpna 1943 vydal Hitler rozkaz k vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 linie pod\u00e9l \u0159eky Molochnaja, st\u0159edn\u00edho toku Dn\u011bpru a d\u00e1le na sever pod\u00e9l \u0159eky So\u017e, p\u0159es Or\u0161u, Vitebsk, Pskov a n\u00e1sledn\u011b do Narvy. Za\u010dalo vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u201eV\u00fdchodn\u00ed zdi\u201c, kterou nacistick\u00e1 propaganda prohl\u00e1sila za nedobytnou. Jeho hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bylo opevn\u011bn\u00ed na Dn\u011bpru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eV\u00fdchodn\u00ed ze\u010f\u201c byla rozd\u011blena do dvou lini\u00ed \u2013 \u201ePanther\u201c a \u201eWotan\u201c. Obrann\u00e1 linie n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek \u201eWotan\u201c byla vytvo\u0159ena na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle fronty v z\u00f3n\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed skupiny arm\u00e1d \u201eJih\u201c a skupiny arm\u00e1d \u201eA\u201c. Obrann\u00e1 linie n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek Panther byla vytvo\u0159ena v p\u00e1smu skupiny arm\u00e1d Sever a skupiny arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proti jednotk\u00e1m Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na front\u011b od Sevska po Azovsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e st\u00e1ly 2. arm\u00e1da skupiny St\u0159ed, 4. tankov\u00e1<\/a> , 8., 1. tankov\u00e1 a 6. arm\u00e1da Ji\u017en\u00ed skupiny arm\u00e1d. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky \u010d\u00edtaly 1 milion 240 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f, 12,6 tis\u00edc d\u011bl a minomet\u016f, v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 tis\u00edce tank\u016f a samohybn\u00fdch d\u011bl, v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,8 tis\u00edc letadel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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P\u0159ejezd sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho taha\u010de S-65 „Stalinets“ s 152mm houfnic\u00ed-kan\u00f3nem z roku 1937 (ML-20) p\u0159es Dn\u011bpr trajektem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed sap\u00e9\u0159i buduj\u00ed p\u0159echod p\u0159es Dn\u011bpr severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Kyjeva. Podzim 1943<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci pobl\u00ed\u017e b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Dn\u011bpr. Pos\u00e1dka kulometu Maxim poru\u010d\u00edka A. M. Maksimova (ten v pozad\u00ed v \u010depici) kryje p\u0159echod sv\u00fdch jednotek p\u0159es Dn\u011bpr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitva o Donbass<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

13. srpna 1943, kdy Voron\u011b\u017esk\u00e1 a Stepn\u00ed fronta rozv\u00edjely ofenz\u00edvu proti Charkovu, za\u010dala Donbassk\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 operace jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edho a ji\u017en\u00edho frontu pod velen\u00edm Malinovsk\u00e9ho a Tolbuchina. Malinovsk\u00e9ho arm\u00e1dy m\u011bly za \u00fakol zasadit hlavn\u00ed \u00fader z p\u0159edmost\u00ed na \u0159ece Severskij Don\u011bc v hlavn\u00edm sm\u011bru na Barvenkovo, Pavlograd, Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed. Ji\u017en\u00ed fronta m\u011bla prorazit n\u011bmeckou obranu na \u0159ece Mius. Dv\u011b fronty se skl\u00e1daly z v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 milionu lid\u00ed, asi 21 tis\u00edc d\u011bl a minomet\u016f (bez raketov\u00e9ho d\u011blost\u0159electva a 50 mm minomet\u016f), v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 200 tank\u016f a samohybn\u00fdch d\u011bl, asi 1 400 letadel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory nebezpe\u010d\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch jednotek na \u0159\u00edmse Donbasu na\u0159\u00eddil Hitler dr\u017eet Donbas za ka\u017edou cenu. D\u016fle\u017eitou pr\u016fmyslovou oblast br\u00e1nila Mackensenova 1. tankov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a Hollidtova 6. arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed skupiny Jih, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se a\u017e z 22 diviz\u00ed. Celkem je to asi 540 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, 5 400 d\u011bl a minomet\u016f, 400 tank\u016f a samohybn\u00fdch d\u011bl. Oblast Donbasu byla pokryta p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi linkami. P\u0159edn\u00ed linie n\u011bmeck\u00e9 obrany proch\u00e1zela pod\u00e9l \u0159ek Severskij Don\u011bc a Mius, v hlubin\u00e1ch N\u011bmci k obran\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali \u0159eky Krynka, Kalmius a Samara. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b siln\u00fd byl p\u0159edn\u00ed sektor Mius, kter\u00fd byl vytvo\u0159en dlouhou dobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

13. srpna p\u0159e\u0161lo do \u00fatoku prav\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edho frontu slo\u017een\u00e9 ze 46. a 1. gardov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy gener\u00e1l\u016f Glagoleva a Kuzn\u011bcova. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska p\u0159ekro\u010dila Severskij Don\u011bc a po urputn\u00fdch boj\u00edch osvobodila 18. srpna m\u011bsto Zmiev, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nav\u00e1zala spolupr\u00e1ci se Stepn\u00ed frontou. 16. srpna ve st\u0159edu fronty p\u0159e\u0161ly do \u00fatoku hlavn\u00ed s\u00edly Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edho frontu \u2013 6., 12., 8. gardov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u0160lemina, Danilova a \u010cujkova a 23. tankov\u00fd 1. gardov\u00fd mechanizovan\u00fd a 1. jezdeck\u00fd sbor. Ude\u0159ili ji\u017en\u011b od Izyumu ve sm\u011bru na Barvenkovo. Nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prolomit silnou obranu nep\u0159\u00edtele. 19. srpna na\u0161e jednotky znovu za\u00fato\u010dily, ale bez \u00fasp\u011bchu. N\u011bmci p\u0159ivedli posily, letadla<\/a> , tanky a d\u011blost\u0159electvo a \u00fatok odrazili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento \u00fader ve v\u00fdsledku nevedl k pr\u016flomu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 obrany, ale pomohl Stepn\u00ed front\u011b na Charkovsk\u00e9m sm\u011bru a odklonil n\u011bmeck\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy z jihu, co\u017e usnadnilo ofenz\u00edvu Ji\u017en\u00edho frontu (SF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Velitelsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b 25. gardov\u00e9ho tankov\u00e9ho pluku na tanku T-34 z kolony Don Cossack. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence 1943 byla na \u0159ece Mius v oblasti farmy Dmitrievka p\u0159evedena tankov\u00e1 kolona Don Cossack k 25. gardov\u00e9mu tankov\u00e9mu pluku 5. gardov\u00e9ho donsk\u00e9ho koz\u00e1ck\u00e9ho jezdeck\u00e9ho sboru. 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 sbor obdr\u017eel dal\u0161\u00edch 72 T-34 s n\u00e1pisem \u201eDon Cossack\u201c na v\u011b\u017e\u00edch.
Jednotky SF p\u0159e\u0161ly 18. srpna 1943 do \u00fatoku. Fronta Mius byla v \u00fazk\u00e9m prostoru prora\u017eena silami 5. \u0161okov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a 2. gardov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Cvetajevem a Zacharovem. Po siln\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 a leteck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b rusk\u00e9 jednotky prolomily obranu nep\u0159\u00edtele. Do pr\u016flomu byl p\u0159iveden 4. gardov\u00fd mechanizovan\u00fd sbor Tanaschishin, kter\u00fd do ve\u010dera 19. srpna postoupil o 20 km a dos\u00e1hl \u0159eky Krynky. Pot\u00e9 na\u0161e jednotky rozvinuly ofenzivu v oblasti Amvrosievka \u2013 Stalino (Don\u011bck).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 proti\u00fatoky byly odra\u017eeny. \u010c\u00e1st sil ji\u017en\u00ed fronty rozvinula ofenz\u00edvu sm\u011brem k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Azovsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Vojska 44. arm\u00e1dy, 4. gardov\u00e9ho mechanizovan\u00e9ho sboru a 4. gardov\u00e9ho jezdeck\u00e9ho sboru za podpory 28. a \u010d\u00e1sti sil 2. gardov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a 8. leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy porazila skupinu Taganrog Wehrmacht a 30. srpna osvobodila Taganrog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Party setk\u00e1n\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a velitel\u016f u 76mm plukovn\u00ed zbran\u011b vz. 1927 v dob\u011b klidu v boj\u00edch za osvobozen\u00ed Donbasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed sap\u00e9\u0159i stav\u00ed most p\u0159es Seversk\u00fd Don\u011bc v osvobozen\u00e9m Lisi\u010dansku. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 obrn\u011bn\u00e1 vozidla BA-64 p\u0159i \u00fatoku na Krasnoarmejsk. Don\u011bck\u00e1 oblast<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osvobozen\u00ed Don\u011bck\u00e9 oblasti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Prudk\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed situace na ji\u017en\u00edm k\u0159\u00eddle sov\u011btsk\u00e9 fronty vyvolalo v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m velitelstv\u00ed poplach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koncem srpna dorazil Hitler z v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Pruska do Vinnice. Na sch\u016fzce velen\u00ed skupiny arm\u00e1d Jih jej\u00ed velitel Manstein prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee k udr\u017een\u00ed fronty pot\u0159ebuje vy\u010dlenit alespo\u0148 12 diviz\u00ed, nebo rychle opustit Donbas, aby zredukoval frontovou linii a uvolnil divize pro jin\u00e9 sektory. F\u00fchrer sl\u00edbil pomoc, divize cht\u011bly odstranit fronty skupin St\u0159ed a Sever. Pl\u00e1novalo se tak\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed diviz\u00ed z klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sektor\u016f fronty a nahrazen\u00ed formac\u00ed oslaben\u00fdch v boji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto pl\u00e1ny se v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo uskute\u010dnit. Rusk\u00e9 jednotky za\u00fato\u010dily na lev\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo skupiny St\u0159ed – 2. arm\u00e1da a zatla\u010dily ho zp\u011bt. V p\u00e1smu 4. arm\u00e1dy skupiny St\u0159ed nastala v d\u016fsledku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvy sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk tak\u00e9 hroziv\u00e1 situace. 28. srpna poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Kluge ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee odstranit divize ze sv\u00e9 fronty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skupina arm\u00e1d Sever tak\u00e9 nemohla u\u0161et\u0159it jedinou divizi. Nad skupinou arm\u00e1d Jih hrozilo rozkouskov\u00e1n\u00ed a zni\u010den\u00ed, Hitler dovolil jej\u00edm jednotk\u00e1m st\u00e1hnout se za Dn\u011bpr. 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se N\u011bmci za\u010dali stahovat na z\u00e1pad pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9 fronty na Donbasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed fronta rozvinula ofenz\u00edvu na z\u00e1pad. Dne 3. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943 osvobodila na\u0161e vojska p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Gorlovka Kalinovka. 5. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byla osvobozena Gorlovka a 8. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bylo osvobozeno hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Donbasu Stalino (Don\u011bck). 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byl za podpory v\u00fdsadku Mariupol osvobozen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po p\u0159eskupen\u00ed pokra\u010doval v ofenziv\u011b i Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed front. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed osvobodila 3. gardov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da Proletarsk, Pervomajsk a Ar\u0165omovsk. 1. gardov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da p\u0159ekro\u010dila Seversk\u00fd Don\u011bc 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, 8. gardov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da obsadila Barvenkovo \u200b\u200b10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Ve dnech 14. a\u017e 20. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na\u0161e jednotky osvobodily Guljaj-Polye, Kujby\u0161evo, Pologi a Pavlograd. Do 22. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rusk\u00e9 jednotky dos\u00e1hly linie Novomoskovska, v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Z\u00e1poro\u017e\u00ed a \u0159eky Molochnaja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho osvobodila Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslovou z\u00e1kladnu zem\u011b \u2013 Donbass a vytvo\u0159ila podm\u00ednky pro rozvoj ofenzivy v Severn\u00ed Tavrii, na Krymu a v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti prav\u00e9ho b\u0159ehu Dn\u011bpru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kulometn\u00edci s \u201eMaximem\u201c podporuj\u00ed \u00fatok voj\u00e1k\u016f Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edho frontu v ofenziv\u011b z\u00e1padn\u011b od Slavjanska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pos\u00e1dka sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho 76mm plukovn\u00edho d\u011bla, vzor 1927, v pouli\u010dn\u00ed bitv\u011b za osvobozen\u00ed Melitopolu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Obyvatel\u00e9 osvobozen\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 vesnice v\u00edtaj\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tankov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky kv\u011btinami. V pozad\u00ed je tank T-34<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G ener\u00e1ln\u00ed ofenz\u00edva Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Por\u00e1\u017eka Wehrmachtu na Kursk Ardens ( Charkov je svobodn\u00fd! Ne\u00fasp\u011bch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nDonbass je n\u00e1\u0161! 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