{"id":1323,"date":"2023-10-12T08:06:39","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T06:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1323"},"modified":"2023-10-12T13:33:41","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T11:33:41","slug":"oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-1-dil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-1-dil\/","title":{"rendered":"Oravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 1.d\u00edl"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady.<\/strong> Je v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, kdy\u017e \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i VO navrhnou v reakci na v\u00e1\u0161 materi\u00e1l n\u011bkter\u00e1 ze sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch t\u00e9mat. Po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu o hradu Rokkaskalegna se tedy mnoho z nich cht\u011blo dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o Oravsk\u00e9m hradu, postaven\u00e9m na sk\u00e1le nad \u0159ekou Oravou v Oravsk\u00e9m Podz\u00e1mku v podob\u011b \u201eorl\u00edho hn\u00edzda\u201c, kter\u00e9 se stalo jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed atrakce na severn\u00edm Slovensku. No, stoj\u00ed za to o tom vypr\u00e1v\u011bt, tak\u017ee dnes nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edme tento hrad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A takhle to vypad\u00e1 z d\u00e1lky! Foto Modris Putnes
A stalo se, \u017ee byl postaven na m\u00edst\u011b star\u00e9ho d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed po tatarsk\u00e9m vp\u00e1du v roce 1241 a na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b Oravsk\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly, kde i kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te zespoda nahoru, spadne v\u00e1m klobouk z hlavy. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch stalet\u00edch se tato mal\u00e1 pevnost prom\u011bnila v rozlehlou z\u00e1meckou budovu se 154 m\u00edstnostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nav\u00edc byl postaven pon\u011bkud neobvykl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem: shora dol\u016f, jako by sestupoval z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti hory do n\u00ed\u017einy. V\u00fdsledkem byla velkolep\u00e1 kompozice t\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u00fdch budov – t\u0159\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed, z nich\u017e nejstar\u0161\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nad v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hrad zauj\u00edmal zprvu postaven\u00ed \u017eupn\u00edho hradu se s\u00eddlem oravsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e1 ovl\u00e1dala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd region Oravy. Od roku 1556 hrad spravoval rod Thurzo, kter\u00fd zah\u00e1jil pr\u00e1ce na jeho dostavb\u011b. Kone\u010dnou podobu z\u00edskal z\u00e1mek v roce 1611. Po smrti posledn\u00edho potomka rodu Thurz\u016f m\u011bl hrad n\u011bkolik majitel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak necht\u011bli investovat do jeho \u00fadr\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1800 hrad zni\u010dil po\u017e\u00e1r \u2013 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed trag\u00e9die v jeho stavebn\u00edm v\u00fdvoji a postupem \u010dasu se stal pro sv\u00e9 majitele zcela nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdm. A teprve po skon\u010den\u00ed 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pro\u0161el gener\u00e1ln\u00ed obnovou, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 byly obnoveny v\u0161echny komplexy Doln\u00edho, St\u0159edn\u00edho a Horn\u00edho hradu s pal\u00e1ci, fortifika\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my a v\u011b\u017eemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hrad m\u00e1 t\u0159i br\u00e1ny za sebou a jsou zde kobky, kter\u00e9 v\u017edy p\u0159itahuj\u00ed turisty. Aby jej majitel\u00e9 a kastel\u00e1ni Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, neust\u00e1le vylep\u0161ovali hradebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e1 podoba je v\u00fdsledkem dlouh\u00e9ho procesu, kter\u00fd zapo\u010dal ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 13. stolet\u00ed. Jedno ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nem\u011bnn\u00e9 \u2013 do hradu je pouze jeden vchod, kter\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148 slou\u017e\u00ed jako v\u00fdchod. A nen\u00ed jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak se dostat do hradu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b mezi Prvn\u00ed hradn\u00ed br\u00e1nou a Druhou hradn\u00ed br\u00e1nou je vid\u011bt tzv. \u201edehtov\u00fd nos\u201c – speci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpust v podob\u011b chrli\u010de pro lit\u00ed hork\u00e9ho dehtu, oleje nebo vody na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na hrad. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se st\u00e1le mus\u00edte pokusit dostat na hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdi hradu, a zejm\u00e9na Z\u00e1padn\u00ed ba\u0161ty, postaven\u00e9 v 16. stolet\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed stranu hradu, byly \u0161est metr\u016f siln\u00e9! Mimochodem, toto byla jedna z m\u00e1la budov, kter\u00e1 nebyla zni\u010dena po\u017e\u00e1rem v roce 1800. D\u00edky tomu se zachoval kazetov\u00fd strop ze 17. stolet\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Br\u00e1na Z\u00e1padn\u00ed ba\u0161ty: siln\u00e1, pevn\u00e1 a velmi spolehliv\u00e1! Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
Na st\u0159edn\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed je zachoval\u00e1 studna, vykopan\u00e1 na pokyn Franti\u0161ka Thurza ve 2. polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed. Studna m\u011bla vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s nedostatkem vodn\u00edho zdroje v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti hradu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z Centr\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed lze vstoupit do b\u00fdval\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b a suter\u00e9nu v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed Korv\u00ednova pal\u00e1ce, kde jsou vystaveny mu\u010dic\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, obvykle v\u017edy p\u0159itahuj\u00edc\u00ed pozornost nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch turist\u016f. K \u010demu\u017e je ve skute\u010dnosti jejich uk\u00e1zka na obnoven\u00fdch z\u00e1mc\u00edch obvykle ur\u010dena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pal\u00e1c Corvina a Obytn\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e byly postaveny ve 13. stolet\u00ed a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jednu z nejstar\u0161\u00edch staveb Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu. V\u011b\u017e byla spojena s Korv\u00ednov\u00fdm pal\u00e1cem v 15. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i stavb\u011b pal\u00e1ce. Samotn\u00fd Korv\u00edn\u016fv pal\u00e1c z\u00edskal svou sou\u010dasnou podobu a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy byl Josefem P\u00e1lfim p\u0159estav\u011bn v novogotick\u00e9m stylu. Jeho interi\u00e9ry byly vyzdobeny \u010derven\u00fdm smrkem a v Ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9m s\u00e1le byla dokonce freska inspirovan\u00e1 star\u00fdmi st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdmi malbami nalezen\u00fdmi na hrad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u00e1bytek a povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy st\u011bn z \u010derven\u00e9ho smrku jsou p\u016fsobiv\u00e9! Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
V pal\u00e1ci Jana Duboveck\u00e9ho a v Obytn\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei je v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e1 expozice p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edrodu Oravy. Ve dvou patrech jsou p\u0159edstaveny druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at a rostlin, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed v okol\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel, luk a pastvin, ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 nebo listnat\u00fdch a jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch les\u016f s vysokohorsk\u00fdmi loukami Z\u00e1padn\u00edch Tater. N\u011bkter\u00e9 expon\u00e1ty, nap\u0159\u00edklad dvouhlav\u00e9 tele nebo 400 let star\u00fd kmen smrku, byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed sb\u00edrky v\u016fbec prvn\u00edho muzea na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V interi\u00e9ru Obytn\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee a n\u011bkter\u00fdch s\u00e1lech Pal\u00e1ce Jana Duboveck\u00e9ho je expozice n\u00e1bytku. V\u011bt\u0161ina expon\u00e1t\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z konce 19. \u2013 po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. C\u00edn na stole v j\u00eddeln\u011b \u017eold\u00e1k\u016f je cennou sb\u00edrkou z 18. stolet\u00ed. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bny zdob\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 malby z thurzovsk\u00e9 doby, v\u010detn\u011b erb\u016f Franti\u0161ka Thurza a jeho prvn\u00ed man\u017eelky Barbory \u200b\u200bCostky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Toto jsou dva erby. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, za tolik let barvy vybledly a opot\u0159ebovaly se, ale st\u00e1le jsou vid\u011bt. Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
V prostor\u00e1ch t\u00e9ho\u017e pal\u00e1ce a v\u011b\u017ee je i n\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 expozice v\u011bnovan\u00e1 specifik\u016fm oravsk\u00e9ho regionu, prom\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edm se do lidov\u00fdch \u0159emesel, dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed \u010di zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota sedl\u00e1k\u016f a past\u00fd\u0159\u016f a jejich postaven\u00ed v tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Horn\u00ed hrad. \u00dazk\u00e9, ale dlouh\u00e9. Foto Mariusz Makar
Horn\u00ed hrad neboli Citadela byl postaven ve 13. stolet\u00ed a tato jeho \u010d\u00e1st je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu. Jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed budova z\u00e1mku slou\u017eila jako vojensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna, skladi\u0161t\u011b a obytn\u00e1 budova. P\u016fvodn\u011b se skl\u00e1dal z n\u011bkolika budov, spojen\u00fdch v jednu ve 2. polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed Franti\u0161kem Thurzem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z p\u016fvodn\u00ed Citadely zbylo jen m\u00e1lo. Uprost\u0159ed dne\u0161n\u00edho vestibulu byla p\u0159\u00edmo do sk\u00e1ly vyhloubena n\u00e1dr\u017e na de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b Johnem Dubovetsk\u00fdm. De\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda byla hlavn\u00edm zdrojem vody pro tuto \u010d\u00e1st hradu a byla p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bna do n\u00e1dr\u017ee syst\u00e9mem trycht\u00fd\u0159\u016f na st\u0159e\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Z\u00e1sobn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e. Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
V nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed archeologick\u00e1 expozice. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dobou kamennou, d\u00e1le dobou bronzovou, dobou velk\u00e9ho st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f a dobou slovanskou a\u017e po prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemnou zm\u00ednku o Oravsk\u00e9m hradu ve 13. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st expozice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Citadely, v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 600 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em a 110 metr\u016f nad \u0159ekou Orava. Je zde vystaven 3D model Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu a prezentov\u00e1ny materi\u00e1ly o jeho obnov\u011b, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v roce 1953 a byla dokon\u010dena v roce 1968 (ke 100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed Oravsk\u00e9ho muzea).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na hradech se mediat\u00e9ka nach\u00e1z\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka, ale zde je a je v\u011bnov\u00e1na film\u016fm a televizn\u00edm seri\u00e1l\u016fm nato\u010den\u00fdm na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b a jeho okol\u00ed. Obsahuje n\u011bmeck\u00fd kultovn\u00ed film Nosferatu: Symfonie teroru z roku 1922, inspirovan\u00fd Draculou Brama Stokera, a tak\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 filmy jako Kr\u00e1l Drozdovous, Tom\u00e1\u0161 a kr\u00e1l sokol\u016f a L\u00e1ska se chv\u011bje na z\u00e1mku. o vl\u00e1sek.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u00ed\u0148 sloup\u016f. Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
Z\u00e1meck\u00e1 kuchyn\u011b, kde se p\u0159ipravovalo j\u00eddlo, je nyn\u00ed kompletn\u011b obnovena. M\u00e1 dokonce mechanick\u00fd ro\u017ee\u0148 namontovan\u00fd vedle trouby, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil k pe\u010den\u00ed masa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na zde prezentovan\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed tabuli je dokonce recept na ma\u010farsk\u00e9 ku\u0159e ze 17. stolet\u00ed – prost\u011b dar z nebes pro milovn\u00edky exotick\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch hradu se p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee jde o kuchyni. Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, to jist\u011b. O\u010dividn\u011b je to jen \u010d\u00e1st, proto\u017ee kde se tady d\u00e1 va\u0159it? Foto oravskemuzeum.sk
Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1meck\u00e9 expozice je tak\u00e9 \u201eAlchymistick\u00fd pokoj\u201c s retortami, destila\u010dn\u00edmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami, starod\u00e1vn\u00fdmi knihami a oblig\u00e1tn\u00ed lidskou lebkou. Jak\u00e9 by to bylo bez n\u011bj…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1meck\u00e1 klenotnice je mal\u00e1, ale velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. Vrcholem jej\u00ed expozice je renesan\u010dn\u00ed zlat\u00fd prsten nalezen\u00fd mezi dal\u0161\u00edmi cenn\u00fdmi artefakty v rodinn\u00e9 hrobce v kapli sv. Michala. Od roku 2017 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdstavy i zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd model pam\u011btn\u00ed mince vydan\u00e9 ke 400. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u00famrt\u00ed Ji\u0159\u00edho Thurza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Expozice historick\u00e9ho textilu v z\u00e1meck\u00e9m muzeu je jednou z m\u00e1la na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde jsou vystaveny origin\u00e1ln\u00ed renesan\u010dn\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00ed od\u011bvy. Proto jsou tyto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, vlhkost\u00ed a zm\u011bnami teploty ve speci\u00e1ln\u011b vybaven\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. Z rodinn\u00e9 krypty Thurz\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed dv\u011b skupiny l\u00e1tek spojen\u00e9 s Ji\u0159\u00edm Thurzem a jeho synem Emerichem. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161aty byly nalezeny v nedalek\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 krypt\u011b Henkel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Doln\u00edm hradu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kaple sv. Michala, poprv\u00e9 vysv\u011bcen\u00e1 v roce 1611 jako protestantsk\u00e1 hradn\u00ed kaple. V roce 1751 byla kaple katolizov\u00e1na a zasv\u011bcena sv. Michalovi, jej\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed renesan\u010dn\u00ed olt\u00e1\u0159 byl p\u0159evezen do Nekpal\u016f a nahrazen nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm katolick\u00fdm d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm. kaple stala pot\u00e9, co bylo v rodinn\u00e9 krypt\u011b pod podlahou kaple poh\u0159beno n\u011bkolik p\u0159edstavitel\u016f oravsko-bytcansk\u00e9 \u0161lechty. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u00edstem v historii<\/a> rodu Thurz\u016f se<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 barokn\u00ed varhany z 18. stolet\u00ed byly v roce 2013 kompletn\u011b zrestaurov\u00e1ny a od t\u00e9 doby slou\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ru pal\u00e1cov\u00fdch interi\u00e9r\u016f dopl\u0148uje staro\u017eitn\u00fd n\u00e1bytek, zbran\u011b a modely historick\u00fdch od\u011bv\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b z turistick\u00e9ho a historick\u00e9ho hlediska tento hrad funguje na sto procent!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady. Je v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, kdy\u017e \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i VO navrhnou v reakci na v\u00e1\u0161 materi\u00e1l n\u011bkter\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nOravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 1.d\u00edl - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-1-dil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 1.d\u00edl - L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady. 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