{"id":1326,"date":"2023-10-12T08:07:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T06:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2023-10-12T13:31:26","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T11:31:26","slug":"oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-2-dil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-2-dil\/","title":{"rendered":"Oravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 2.d\u00edl"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hrady Evropy.<\/strong> Vrac\u00edme se tedy tak\u00e9 na Oravsk\u00fd hrad, abychom se sezn\u00e1mili s jeho histori\u00ed. A jeho historie je bohat\u00e1 a velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. I kdy\u017e v prezentaci to vypad\u00e1 trochu su\u0161e. Zde je t\u0159eba zapojit svou fantazii a zamyslet se nad t\u00edm, co by se za t\u011bmito skrovn\u00fdmi \u0159\u00e1dky mohlo skr\u00fdvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dn\u011bme t\u00edm, \u017ee prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o existenci Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1267. Darovac\u00ed smlouvou se hrad stal majetkem uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le B\u00e9ly IV. pot\u00e9, co byl odebr\u00e1n p\u016fvodn\u00edmu majiteli Mikovi z rodu Balass\u016f (vojvoda Zvolensk\u00e9ho okresu) v\u00fdm\u011bnou za okresy Var\u00edn, \u017dilina a Suchany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roku 1298 dobyl Oravu a hrad magn\u00e1t Mat\u011bj Csak z Tren\u010d\u00edna. Od roku 1333 byl Oravsk\u00fd hrad v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m dr\u017een\u00ed. Jak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to velmi jednoduch\u00e9: jin\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00ed velmo\u017e pomohl kr\u00e1li Karlu Robertovi z Anjou p\u0159ipravit o majetek Matvey Csak z Tren\u010d\u00edna a Oravsk\u00fd hrad skon\u010dil v rukou kr\u00e1le. V\u0161e podle r\u010den\u00ed, kdo je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je pravda!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm ale p\u0159evod hradu z ruky do ruky neskon\u010dil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pohled do dvora. Foto Stanislav Lyudvinsky
V roce 1420 p\u0159evzal Oravsk\u00fd hrad Stibor ze \u0160iborzyc, oddan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznivec Zikmunda Lucembursk\u00e9ho, c\u00edsa\u0159e Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a uhersk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le. Ale v roce 1441, b\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky o uherskou korunu, dobyl Oravsk\u00fd hrad Peter Komorowski, jeden z v\u016fdc\u016f b\u00fdval\u00fdch husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podporovali Ladislava Posmrtn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeho s\u00edla vydr\u017eela 30 let a v roce 1474 se hradu zmocnil uhersk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Maty\u00e1\u0161 (Mati\u00e1\u0161) Korv\u00edn a zah\u00e1jil jeho prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou rekonstrukci. Hrad z\u00edskal slu\u0161nou podobu a roku 1482 jej Maty\u00e1\u0161 Korv\u00edn daroval sv\u00e9mu neman\u017eelsk\u00e9mu synovi a d\u011bdici J\u00e1no\u0161ovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po smrti J\u00e1no\u0161e Korv\u00edna v roce 1504 se majitelem Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu stal Janos Zapolyai, kter\u00fd jeho spr\u00e1vou pov\u011b\u0159il Petra a Nikolaje Kostku. Zde se v roce 1526 odehr\u00e1la epick\u00e1 bitva u Moh\u00e1\u010de. Po prohran\u00e9 bitv\u011b se J\u00e1nos Z\u00e1polyai pokusil zmocnit uhersk\u00e9ho tr\u016fnu a postavil se proti Ferdinandovi I. Habsbursk\u00e9mu. V roce 1534 v\u0161ak Nikolaj Kostka p\u0159e\u0161el na stranu Ferdinanda I. Habsbursk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd mu ud\u011blil \u010destn\u00fd titul ban, a Oravsk\u00fd hrad se dostal do majetku Kostkova p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bJ\u00e1no\u0161e Duboveck\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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St\u0159echa pal\u00e1ce Janose Dubovetsk\u00e9ho je vyrobena z d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch kostek! Foto Miro Svorka
Pot\u00e9, co se roku 1540 zmocnil hradu, za\u010dal Janos Dubovetsky rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na pos\u00edlen\u00ed hradu. A v\u010das. Proto\u017ee v roce 1545 se po smrti J\u00e1no\u0161e poh\u00e1dal V\u00e1clav Sedlnick\u00fd o vlastnictv\u00ed Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu s Nikolajem Kostkou a v\u011bc zav\u00e1n\u011bla dal\u0161\u00edm obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00edm, v\u00e1lkou a po\u017e\u00e1rem. V roce 1549 v\u0161ak c\u00edsa\u0159 jejich spor ukon\u010dil jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm Siedlnick\u00e9ho kastel\u00e1nem hradu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1556 se v\u0161ak Oravsk\u00e9 panstv\u00ed spolu s hradem dostalo do majetku Franti\u0161ka Thurza, kter\u00fd nejen zah\u00e1jil jeho novou p\u0159estavbu, ale zah\u00e1jil i kolonizaci d\u0159\u00edve \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00e9 Horn\u00ed Oravy. V roce 1574 zem\u0159el a po n\u011bm nastoupil jeho syn Gyorgy, kter\u00fd vyrostl a z\u00edskal vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed u dvora arciv\u00e9vody Ernsta III. Habsbursk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pod\u00edv\u00e1\u0161 se nahoru a klobouk ti spadne z hlavy!
B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho protihabsbursk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed veden\u00e9ho Stefanem Bosskaiem se povstaleck\u00e9 s\u00edly pokusily dob\u00fdt Oravsk\u00fd hrad, ale ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Ale za svou v\u011brnost Habsburk\u016fm b\u011bhem patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a Bocskaiho povst\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskal Gy\u00f6rgy Turz\u00f3 hrab\u011bc\u00ed titul a jako odm\u011bnu zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed zem\u011b Orava. A v roce 1609 mu byl ud\u011blen titul palatina Uherska \u2013 po kr\u00e1li druh\u00e9 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed v Uhr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byl poh\u0159ben v rodinn\u00e9 krypt\u011b v kapli sv. Michala na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b a d\u011bdicem se stal jeho jedin\u00fd syn Emerich. Ale brzy tak\u00e9 zem\u0159el. Mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u011btev rodu byla zkr\u00e1cena a hlavou oravsk\u00e9ho okresu se stala Emerichova matka Erzhebeta Thurzo (roz. Czobor).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u0161e zde doslova d\u00fdch\u00e1 antikou! Foto Modris Putnes
Po Al\u017eb\u011btin\u011b smrti se v\u0161ichni z\u00e1konn\u00ed d\u011bdici rodu Thurzo shrom\u00e1\u017edili na hrad\u011b Lietava a vytvo\u0159ili Oravsk\u00fd kompassorat (spoluvlastnictv\u00ed), aby ovl\u00e1dli \u017eupu se s\u00eddlem na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b a zabr\u00e1nili d\u011blen\u00ed rodov\u00fdch majetk\u016f. Management pak p\u0159e\u0161el do rukou zvolen\u00e9ho \u201e\u0159editele\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u011bl p\u0159erozd\u011blovat zisky z kompasor\u00e1tu mezi v\u0161echny zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed vlastn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A v\u0161e by bylo v po\u0159\u00e1dku, kdyby jeden z \u0159editel\u016f nepodpo\u0159il protihabsbursk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010dele s palatinem Stefanem Wesseleny. V reakci na takov\u00e9 neloaj\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0159\u00eddil c\u00edsa\u0159 Leopold I. konfiskaci jeho majetku a poslal sv\u00e1 vojska na Oravsk\u00fd hrad. V d\u016fsledku toho se hradn\u00ed pos\u00e1dka vzdala a nov\u00fdm \u201e\u0159editelem\u201c byl vybr\u00e1n Nicholas Draskovic, kter\u00fd vyj\u00e1d\u0159il svou pokoru a loajalitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale v roce 1672 vstoupili kuruci (voj\u00e1ci a uprchl\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ipojili k protihabsbursk\u00e9mu spiknut\u00ed) na Orawu, kde se k nim p\u0159ipojili protestant\u0161t\u00ed roln\u00edci. Pod veden\u00edm Ka\u0161para Piecka se kuruck\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dob\u00fdt Oravsk\u00fd hrad, ale vlastnili ho jen kr\u00e1tce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edsa\u0159 Leopold I. op\u011bt poslal sv\u00e9 vojsko na Oravu, s pomoc\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch katol\u00edk\u016f povst\u00e1n\u00ed potla\u010dil a vr\u00e1til hrad korun\u011b. Mezit\u00edm povst\u00e1n\u00ed Kurut\u016f pokra\u010dovalo jako p\u0159edt\u00edm. A v roce 1677 hrad dobyli je\u0161t\u011b jednou, ale do konce roku jej bez boje dobylo zp\u011bt c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 vojsko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Br\u00e1na s padac\u00edm mostem. Fotografoval Janos Koroma
V roce 1683 kuruci znovu oblehli Oravsk\u00fd hrad, aby jej dobyli zp\u011bt pro sv\u00e9ho velitele Emericha Th\u00f6k\u00f6lyho. Nepoda\u0159ilo se jim ho v\u0161ak z\u00edskat a\u017e do p\u0159\u00edchodu polsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy veden\u00e9 Janem Kazimierzem Sapiehou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1lka p\u0159i\u0161la Oravu draho. Bylo vyp\u00e1leno 27 vesnic a zabito mnoho civilist\u016f. A pak se \u201eKuru\u010dan\u016fm\u201c v roce 1708 poda\u0159ilo dob\u00fdt Oravsk\u00fd hrad. Po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Tren\u010d\u00edna v\u0161ak hrad oblehla habsbursk\u00e1 vojska veden\u00e1 Janem P\u00e1lffym a v\u0161e skon\u010dilo kapitulac\u00ed kuruck\u00fdch vojsk na ja\u0159e 1709.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kompassorat byl obnoven a pod jeho veden\u00edm byla dokon\u010dena kolonizace Oravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo k jej\u00ed katolizaci. Tak byla protestantsk\u00e1 kaple na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b katolizov\u00e1na a zasv\u011bcena svat\u00e9mu Michalovi. Jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ze 17. stolet\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b hlavn\u00edho olt\u00e1\u0159e, bylo p\u0159evezeno do Nekpaly a nahrazeno nov\u00fdm katolick\u00fdm barokn\u00edm n\u00e1bytkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1800 vypukl na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b \u201eVelk\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r\u201c. Za\u010dalo to v kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9m dom\u011b na hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a nakonec zni\u010dilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd hradn\u00ed komplex. Nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u0161ak provedl dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159editel oravsk\u00e9ho kompassoru Franz Zichy star\u0161\u00ed a zachr\u00e1nil hrad p\u0159ed hroz\u00edc\u00ed zk\u00e1zou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku revoluce roku 1848 byl v Rakousko-Uhersku zru\u0161en feud\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m, ale funkce \u0159editele Oravsk\u00e9ho kompasor\u00e1tu z\u016fstala zachov\u00e1na. Nyn\u00ed se kompasor\u00e1t zm\u011bnil z feud\u00e1ln\u00edho panstv\u00ed v pokrokov\u00fd podnik v d\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu. A v roce 1868 vzniklo na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b prvn\u00ed muzeum, kter\u00e9 bylo p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti spolu s hradem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u0161e uvnit\u0159 bylo obnoveno! Fotografoval Janos Koroma
Pod veden\u00edm Josefa P\u00e1lfiho byly v roce 1906 zah\u00e1jeny pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159estavb\u011b Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu v romantick\u00e9m stylu. Pr\u00e1ce za\u010daly na Korv\u00ednov\u011b pal\u00e1ci, na hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a v obytn\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei, ale vypuknut\u00ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je nedokon\u010dilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pak v roce 1919 zem\u0159el posledn\u00ed \u0159editel oravsk\u00e9ho kompasor\u00e1tu Josef P\u00e1lfi a sbor kompasor\u00e1tu slo\u017eil p\u0159\u00edsahu nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 \u010cSR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, na podzim roku 1944, obsadila Oravsk\u00fd hrad n\u011bmeck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. A zde v Oravsk\u00e9m Podz\u00e1mku se po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho povst\u00e1n\u00ed odehr\u00e1la prvn\u00ed bitva rebel\u016f s N\u011bmci na Orav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec byl v roce 1945, po v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 letech existence, Oravsk\u00fd kompasor\u00e1t rozpu\u0161t\u011bn. Jeho lesy a dal\u0161\u00ed majetky byly p\u0159evedeny na st\u00e1t a okoln\u00ed obce a bylo rozhodnuto otev\u0159\u00edt na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b kompasoristick\u00e9 muzeum. B\u011bhem boj\u016f a osvobozov\u00e1n\u00ed Oravy byl v\u0161ak hrad t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdbuchem mostu p\u0159es \u0159eku Oravu) a vy\u017eadoval si v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed obnova Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu za\u010dala v roce 1953. Krom\u011b toho se hrad stal s\u00eddlem Oravsk\u00e9ho vlastiv\u011bdn\u00e9ho muzea. V roce 1968 oslavilo muzeum na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b 100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed. P\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti zde bylo pro ve\u0159ejnost zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bno n\u011bkolik v\u00fdstav (mj. p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e1, etnografick\u00e1, archeologick\u00e1 a historick\u00e1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed obnova z\u00e1mku byla dokon\u010dena v roce 1977 a obnova kaple sv. Michala v roce 2006. Slavnostn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00ed prob\u011bhlo 22. dubna a 29. dubna 2006 byla kaple zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna ve\u0159ejnosti. Dne 21. srpna t\u00e9ho\u017e roku byla kapli sv. Michala ud\u011blena cena \u201eKulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tka roku\u201c v kategorii \u201eObnova movit\u00e9 nebo nemovit\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vozidlo 19.\u2013po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. N\u011bjak se to zachovalo a dnes je vystaveno na z\u00e1mku. Drobnost, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, ale zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat! Fotografoval Janos Koroma
Dnes je v z\u00e1mku um\u00edst\u011bna \u0159ada expozic. V roce 2009 tak byla pro ve\u0159ejnost p\u0159ipravena nov\u00e1 n\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 galerie. Prav\u011bku Oravy a historii obnovy Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu je v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u010derstv\u00e1 archeologick\u00e1 expozice, otev\u0159en\u00e1 v roce 2011 v citadele Horn\u00edho hradu. V roce 2015 se v jednom ze s\u00e1l\u016f Citadely objevila dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00e9rie expon\u00e1t\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00e1 film\u016fm a televizn\u00edm seri\u00e1l\u016fm nato\u010den\u00fdm na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b. A v roce 2016 byla v obnoven\u00fdch s\u00e1lech v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed Thurzova pal\u00e1ce \u0161lechtick\u00fdm rod\u016fm spjat\u00fdm s Oravsk\u00fdm hradem a jejich sb\u00edrk\u00e1m v\u011bnov\u00e1na v\u00fdstava s n\u00e1zvem \u201ePokladnice Oravsk\u00e9ho hradu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2017 za\u010daly restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na fa\u0159e na Hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a po jejich dokon\u010den\u00ed zde byla otev\u0159ena nov\u00e1 multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed expozice \u201eOravsk\u00e1 ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b\u201c. Na Oravsk\u00e9m hrad\u011b je tedy hodn\u011b k vid\u011bn\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eete se po n\u011bm proch\u00e1zet, p\u0159ech\u00e1zet ze s\u00e1lu do s\u00e1lu, velmi dlouho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hrady Evropy. Vrac\u00edme se tedy tak\u00e9 na Oravsk\u00fd hrad, abychom se sezn\u00e1mili s jeho histori\u00ed….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nOravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 2.d\u00edl - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/oravsky-hrad-orli-hnizdo-nad-oravou-2-dil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oravsk\u00fd hrad: \u201eorl\u00ed hn\u00edzdo\u201c nad Oravou. 2.d\u00edl - L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hrady Evropy. 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