{"id":1424,"date":"2023-10-13T16:09:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T14:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1424"},"modified":"2023-10-13T04:11:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T02:11:13","slug":"v-roce-1939-anglie-svedla-evropu-do-svetove-valky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/v-roce-1939-anglie-svedla-evropu-do-svetove-valky\/","title":{"rendered":"V roce 1939 Anglie svedla Evropu do sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Britov\u00e9 pou\u017eili Polsko jako ob\u011b\u0165, aby odvr\u00e1tili hrozbu.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co nacist\u00e9 14. b\u0159ezna 1939 zni\u010dili samostatnost \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, bylo zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee Polsko, kter\u00e9 se rozpadlo se v\u0161emi evropsk\u00fdmi velmocemi, se stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem n\u00e1tlaku Adolfa Hitlera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Joachim von Ribbentrop pozd\u011bji \u0159ekl italsk\u00e9mu ministru zahrani\u010d\u00ed hrab\u011bti Galeazzu Cianovi, \u017ee na ja\u0159e 1939 u\u017e Berl\u00edn necht\u011bl Gda\u0148sk (nyn\u00ed Gda\u0148sk) ani \u201epolsk\u00fd koridor\u201c v Pomo\u0159ansku, ale plnohodnotnou v\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Evrop\u011b byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b siln\u00fd z\u00e1pach st\u0159eln\u00e9ho prachu. 31. b\u0159ezna 1939 informoval britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Arthur Chamberlain \u010dleny Doln\u00ed sn\u011bmovny o anglo-polsk\u00fdch konzultac\u00edch v souvislosti s pov\u011bstmi o chystan\u00e9m n\u011bmeck\u00e9m \u00fatoku na Polsko. Noviny napsaly, \u017ee premi\u00e9r jm\u00e9nem vl\u00e1dy informoval, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00e9koli agrese bude kabinet ministr\u016f \u201epova\u017eovat za povinnost poskytnout Var\u0161av\u011b v\u0161emi prost\u0159edky pomoc\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chamberlain si v\u0161ak dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomoval, \u017ee proti Polsku se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy ned\u011blaj\u00ed, ale proti Anglii jsou v pln\u00e9m proudu a Britov\u00e9 se za ka\u017edou cenu pokou\u0161ej\u00ed nam\u00ed\u0159it n\u011bmeckou vojenskou ma\u0161in\u00e9rii na n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho a odvr\u00e1tit hrozbu od sebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro Lond\u00fdn bylo dotla\u010dit Berl\u00edn k v\u00e1lce proti Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu z\u00e1sadn\u00edm \u00fakolem. Anglie hodlala vstoupit do v\u00e1lky, ale a\u017e pot\u00e9, co Wehrmacht utrp\u011bl maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty v sov\u011btsk\u00e9m Rusku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zm\u00edrnil tlak na Albion. Tento motiv byl opakovan\u011b potvrzen v pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch diplomatick\u00fdch dokumentech: ka\u017ed\u00fd ch\u00e1pal, \u017ee Hitler\u016fv prvn\u00ed \u00fader m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smrt\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josif Stalin p\u0159itom v\u016f\u010di N\u011bmecku uplat\u0148oval pom\u011brn\u011b obratnou politiku a chr\u00e1nil svou zemi p\u0159ed hrozn\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledky. V\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala 22. \u010dervna 1941, se uk\u00e1zala jako t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, ale byla by mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdyby Hitler za\u00fato\u010dil na SSSR s \u010derstv\u00fdmi silami o dva roky d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lond\u00fdnu se tak\u00e9 poda\u0159ilo v\u00e1lku odd\u00e1lit. 6. dubna 1939 se objevil anglo-polsk\u00fd pactum de pacto contrahendo, kter\u00fdm ob\u011b strany sl\u00edbily uzav\u0159\u00edt mezi sebou spojeneckou smlouvu. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed diplomat\u00e9 vyvodili ze zpr\u00e1vy spr\u00e1vn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br \u2013 Pol\u00e1ci roztrhali spole\u010dnou \u201eProhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o nepou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly mezi N\u011bmeckem a Polskem\u201c, podepsanou 26. ledna 1934, a uzav\u0159eli vojensk\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed s Lond\u00fdnem proti Berl\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Britsk\u00fd velvyslanec ve Var\u0161av\u011b Sir Howard Kennard p\u0159edal v polovin\u011b b\u0159ezna \u0161\u00e9fovi polsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Jozefu Beckovi memorandum, kter\u00e9 navrhuje dohodu mezi Angli\u00ed, Franci\u00ed, SSSR a Polskem o probl\u00e9mech nacistick\u00e9 hrozby. , ale n\u00e1pad byl zam\u00edtnut. Polsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed, nech\u00e1palo situaci na kontinentu a nec\u00edtilo st\u0159eln\u00fd prach, kter\u00fd se jejich sm\u011brem ub\u00edral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b pol\u0161t\u00ed historikov\u00e9 poznamenaj\u00ed: Var\u0161av\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 ignorovali dv\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bti mar\u0161\u00e1la Jozefa Pilsudsk\u00e9ho. \u0158ekl, \u017ee polsk\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika souvis\u00ed s Moskvou a Berl\u00ednem. A \u017ee vojensk\u00fdm \u00fakolem Polska je vstoupit do v\u00e1lky co nejpozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ministr Beck na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b necht\u011bl vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv na polsko-rusk\u00e9 vztahy a budoval je osobn\u011b, proto\u017ee sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed do evropsk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed pova\u017eoval za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9. Na druhou stranu miloval Anglii smysln\u011b, ale nemohl vyst\u00e1t Francii. S\u00e1m ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed navrhl, aby britsk\u00fd velvyslanec p\u0159em\u011bnil memorandum na bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed anglo-polskou alianci nam\u00ed\u0159enou proti Hitlerovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho byl 25. srpna 1939, dva dny po uzav\u0159en\u00ed paktu o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed mezi N\u011bmeckem a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem, podeps\u00e1n pakt mezi Polskem a Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed. Smlouva obsahovala vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsliby poskytnut\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 pomoci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by jedna ze stran byla napadena n\u011bkterou evropskou mocnost\u00ed. N\u011bmecko bylo ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako takov\u00e1 velmoc. Za Polsko dokument podepsal velvyslanec v Lond\u00fdn\u011b hrab\u011b Edward Raczynski a za Anglii vikomt Edward Halifax. Lond\u00fdn se podpisem osvobodil od pot\u0159eby dos\u00e1hnout n\u011b\u010deho z Moskvy ve prosp\u011bch Var\u0161avy a dal Berl\u00ednu jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee Polsko bodne do zad, pokud spust\u00ed oboj\u017eivelnou operaci proti Anglii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Var\u0161ava byla zatla\u010dena do v\u00e1lky, kterou Pol\u00e1ci nem\u011bli \u0161anci vyhr\u00e1t. Pro Polsko se 25. srpen stal dnem triumfu britsk\u00e9 proradnosti: Britov\u00e9 nehodlali dodr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky ani v dob\u011b jejich ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, ani pozd\u011bji. Byla pou\u017eita jako kulhav\u00e9 tele p\u0159i lovu leopard\u016f. Jak\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky mohou existovat pro ob\u011b\u0165 odsouzenou k z\u00e1niku?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Zde je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit: Hitler ihned po Chamberlainov\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z 31. b\u0159ezna vydal zcela nov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 rozkazy. Od 3. dubna byl v ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch aktivov\u00e1n tzv. Fall Weiss – \u201eB\u00edl\u00fd pl\u00e1n\u201c pro \u00fatok na Polsko tak, \u017ee proveden\u00ed bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v kter\u00fdkoli den po\u010d\u00ednaje 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se dobyt\u00ed Gda\u0148sku, militarizace litevsk\u00e9 hranice a zni\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech polsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jednotky vstoupily na polsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka za\u010dala. Velvyslanec hrab\u011b Raczynski, proanglick\u00fd Pol\u00e1k, kter\u00fd byl v sedm\u00e9m nebi, se 3. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed radoval z historick\u00e9 sch\u016fze Doln\u00ed sn\u011bmovny, na kter\u00e9 Anglie vyhl\u00e1sila v\u00e1lku Hitlerovi. Hrab\u011b sepsal pozn\u00e1mku, jej\u00ed\u017e posledn\u00ed odstavec p\u0159ipom\u00ednal \u010dl\u00e1nek \u010d. 1 smlouvy o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pomoci. Velvyslanec doufal, \u017ee \u201eobdr\u017e\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 informace o rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9m vl\u00e1dou Jeho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 V\u00fdsosti\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neozvala se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f a o den pozd\u011bji polsk\u00e1 strana zoufale volala \u2013 zachra\u0148te n\u00e1s, bojujeme sami, pomozte, jak jen m\u016f\u017eete! Odpov\u011b\u010f se uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt nezvykle v\u00e1gn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed si Raczynski do sv\u00e9ho den\u00edku poznamenal: \u201eZd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nad\u011bje na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed aktivitu anglick\u00e9ho d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho letectv\u00ed se prolomila. Bohu\u017eel se to nespln\u00ed.“ \u201eNed\u011ble 10. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva. Nedostal jsem odpov\u011b\u010f.“ „Jedn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, op\u011bt ve \u010dty\u0159i \u010dty\u0159icet p\u011bt, nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edm lorda Halifaxe.“<\/em> A tak ka\u017ed\u00fd den \u2013 s c\u00edlem odklonit alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st n\u011bmeck\u00fdch diviz\u00ed z polsk\u00e9 fronty. Chamberlain ale m\u00edsto sl\u00edben\u00e9 pomoci poslal velvyslanci dopisy s p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm Pol\u00e1k\u016f veselosti a vysok\u00e9 bojovnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Britov\u00e9 pou\u017eili Polsko jako ob\u011b\u0165, aby odvr\u00e1tili hrozbu. Pot\u00e9, co nacist\u00e9 14. b\u0159ezna 1939 zni\u010dili…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nV roce 1939 Anglie svedla Evropu do sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/v-roce-1939-anglie-svedla-evropu-do-svetove-valky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V roce 1939 Anglie svedla Evropu do sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. - L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Britov\u00e9 pou\u017eili Polsko jako ob\u011b\u0165, aby odvr\u00e1tili hrozbu. 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