{"id":1525,"date":"2023-10-15T16:21:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T14:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1525"},"modified":"2023-10-15T15:25:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-15T13:25:07","slug":"roccascalegna-hrad-na-okraji-utesu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/roccascalegna-hrad-na-okraji-utesu\/","title":{"rendered":"Roccascalegna: hrad na okraji \u00fatesu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady.<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o hradech a tvrz\u00edch, jak lze soudit podle publikac\u00ed na webu VO, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e v\u017edy zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed, a to z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, \u017ee hrad je podv\u011bdom\u011b spojen se spolehlivou ochranou, daleko od na\u0161eho nep\u0159\u00edtele (pokud ov\u0161em nen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 hrad ) by nebyl schopen prorazit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psychologie obecn\u011b hraje v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b obrovskou roli, o kter\u00e9 mimochodem ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, ale jaksi zapom\u00edn\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nev\u00edm pro\u010d, ale kdy\u017e jsem byl d\u00edt\u011b, velmi na m\u011b zap\u016fsobilo um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u201eV\u011b\u017ee smrti\u201c z filmu \u201eKr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed k\u0159iv\u00fdch zrcadel\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zde je sn\u00edmek z tohoto filmu, kter\u00fd jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee stoj\u00ed na sam\u00e9m okraji obrovsk\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly a pod samotnou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed nen\u00ed prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 sk\u00e1la, proto (to je zn\u00e1mo ji\u017e z knihy) byli v\u011bzni shazov\u00e1ni z v\u011b\u017ee.<\/em>
Nakreslil jsem na n\u00ed jak tuto sk\u00e1lu, tak v\u011b\u017e, ud\u011blalo to na m\u011b tak siln\u00fd dojem. Pak m\u011b n\u011bjak napadlo, n\u011bkde na sv\u011bt\u011b je hrad, jeho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na sk\u00e1le podobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00e9to v\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edval jsem se na spoustu z\u00e1mk\u016f, ale teprve ned\u00e1vno jsem objevil z\u00e1mek postaven\u00fd na velmi podobn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee je to hrad Roccascalegna v It\u00e1lii, a o tom bude n\u00e1\u0161 dne\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Erb obce Roccascalegna, jej\u00ed\u017e jm\u00e9no se p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201epevnost s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi schody\u201c. Jedn\u00e1 se o schodi\u0161t\u011b vedouc\u00ed z obce do z\u00e1meck\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee. Dodnes je vyobrazena na m\u011bstsk\u00e9m erbu.
A za\u010dneme t\u00edm, \u017ee Roccascalegna je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi mal\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 455 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em, v \u00fadol\u00ed Rio Secco, p\u0159\u00edtoku \u0159eky Aventino, ve vnitrozemsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. provincie Chieti, na p\u016fli cesty mezi horami a mo\u0159em, a jeho 1400 obyvatel se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Roccolani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed byli zakladateli t\u00e9to osady Langobardi, kte\u0159\u00ed od roku 600 n.l. E. trvale obsadili ji\u017en\u00ed Abruzzo pot\u00e9, co sem p\u0159i\u0161li ze severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byzantinci zase um\u00edstili sv\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Jadersk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, aby mohli z t\u00e9to strany napadnout It\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u0161echny skaln\u00ed \u00fatvary jsou dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9! Foto L. Filitsi<\/em>
Langobardi proto nejprve postavili na sk\u00e1le, kter\u00e1 p\u0159e\u010dn\u00edvala osadu, Str\u00e1\u017enou v\u011b\u017e a pot\u00e9 hrad, kter\u00fd um\u00edstili na impozantn\u00ed skaln\u00ed masiv s v\u00fdhledem na \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Rio Secco, aby ovl\u00e1dl celou oblast. Longobardi bojovali s Byzantinci, bojovali, ale pro hrad Roccascalegna se pot\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/a> jakoby zastavily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktem je, \u017ee o n\u011bm nikdo nikde nic nehl\u00e1sil. A a\u017e do \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho z\u00e1pisu roku 1320 o n\u011bm nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace. Ale v roce 1525 se o tom kone\u010dn\u011b objevila zpr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A velmi smyslupln\u00e9. Podala podrobn\u00fd popis hradu, obnoven\u00e9ho v souladu s nov\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi n\u00e1stupem st\u0159eln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modernizace tohoto hradu v\u0161ak nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nezas\u00e1hla do \u017eivota vesni\u010dky Roccascalegna. Kdy\u017e st\u00e1l obklopen st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdmi k\u0159ovinat\u00fdmi lesy, olivov\u00fdmi h\u00e1ji a duby, st\u00e1l d\u00e1l!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A tento hrad tak trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 anglick\u00fd tank Tedpole Tail z prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky! Autor fotografie Paolo Giammarrone<\/em>
A to v\u0161e proto, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 obec je mnohem star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tento hrad samotn\u00fd a jej\u00ed vznik je spojen s \u0159adou pov\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee obyvatel\u00e9 Amnia (nebo Amnia), \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta zalo\u017een\u00e9ho kolem roku 300 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. E. pobl\u00ed\u017e \u0159eky Sangro, aby se vyhnuli neust\u00e1l\u00fdm n\u00e1jezd\u016fm pir\u00e1t\u016f a bandit\u016f, p\u0159esunuli se do vnitrozem\u00ed a zrodili se r\u016fzn\u00e9 vesnice, v\u010detn\u011b Roccascalegny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A popul\u00e1rn\u00ed legenda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201educhov\u00e9\u201c starov\u011bk\u00fdch obyvatel Aminia se st\u00e1le potuluj\u00ed po \u00fazem\u00edch soused\u00edc\u00edch s \u0159ekou Sangro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jde o etymologii jm\u00e9na Roccascalegna, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze jm\u00e9na vlastn\u00edho \u201eAshari\u201c lombardsk\u00e9ho \u0161lechtice; a podle jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f z v\u00fdrazu \u201eskarna\u201c – strm\u00fd horsk\u00fd svah. Sami obyvatel\u00e9 r\u00e1di \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee se to stalo proto, \u017ee do z\u00e1meck\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee vedlo v minulosti d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 schodi\u0161t\u011b a na d\u016fkaz sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na vyobrazen\u00ed na m\u011bstsk\u00e9m znaku, kde je nakreslena v\u011b\u017e se schodi\u0161t\u011bm. na stran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V minulosti m\u011bla Roccascalegna dv\u011b br\u00e1ny: Porta del Forno a Porta della Terra. P\u0159es ty prvn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se tak jmenuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e kamen, lze do t\u00e9to vesnice vstoupit dodnes. Inu, b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 historie byl hrad Roccascalegna v\u017edy \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00fdm m\u00edstem, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto m\u011bnil sv\u00e9 majitele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00edm majitelem byl jist\u00fd Annicino de Annicinis, n\u011bmeck\u00fd kondoti\u00e9r, kter\u00fd p\u0159ijel do Abruzza po feud\u00e1lovi Giacomovi Caldorovi, kter\u00fd mu daroval len Roccascalegna za prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Jeho potomci, Raimondo, Alfonso a Giovanni Maria, byli tak aktivn\u00ed a inteligentn\u00ed, \u017ee postupem \u010dasu za\u010dali vlastnit patn\u00e1ct podobn\u00fdch l\u00e9n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giovanni Maria se bohu\u017eel i p\u0159es sv\u00e9 dlouholet\u00e9 politick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a p\u0159estavbu hradu na ochranu proti st\u0159eln\u00fdm zbran\u00edm provinil podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zlo\u010diny, v\u010detn\u011b vra\u017edy \u0161lechtice. Za to v roce 1528 ztratil \u0161lechtick\u00fd titul i hrad i s pozemky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u0161ly do rukou neapolsk\u00fdch baron\u016f Carafas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti o n\u011bj zase p\u0159i\u0161li, kdy\u017e byl jist\u00fd Orazio, op\u011bt podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f, po uplatn\u011bn\u00ed \u201enespravedliv\u00fdch a \u0161kodliv\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f\u201c v roce 1584 zabit obyvateli Roccascalegny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1599 koupil panstv\u00ed baron Vincenzo de Corvis za deset tis\u00edc duk\u00e1t\u016f. Pravda, vox populi (tedy \u201ehlas lidu\u201c) hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee jeden z \u010dlen\u016f t\u00e9to rodiny byl zapleten do krvav\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, kter\u00fd se odehr\u00e1l ve zdech hradu a nav\u017edy se vryl do pam\u011bti t\u00e9to komunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec se majitel\u00e9 hradu p\u0159est\u011bhovali do baronsk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce v centru m\u011bsta, kter\u00fd dnes slou\u017e\u00ed jako soukrom\u00e9 s\u00eddlo, a p\u0159estali na hrad\u011b bydlet. Ale jejich autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd postoj k poddan\u00fdm se v\u016fbec nezm\u011bnil a za\u0161el dokonce a\u017e ke sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed zlo\u010dinu proti osob\u011b c\u00edrkve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak b\u011bhem Svat\u00e9ho t\u00fddne roku 1720 p\u0159iv\u00e1zal baron\u016fv bratr far\u00e1\u0159e kostela San Pietro k ty\u010di od Zelen\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtka do B\u00edl\u00e9 soboty, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee chud\u00e1k zem\u0159el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Schodi\u0161t\u011b do z\u00e1mku. Fotografie ealloraparto.it\/castello-di-roccascalegna<\/em>
Pot\u00e9 se hrad stal s\u00eddlem N\u00e1rodn\u00ed gardy a b\u011bhem dvou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek se v n\u011bm ukr\u00fdvali dezert\u00e9\u0159i a zlo\u010dinci. V soukrom\u00fdch rukou z\u016fstal a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byl darov\u00e1n obci, kter\u00e1 na n\u011bm zah\u00e1jila rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, pot\u00e9 byl v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 90. let zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K hradu, kter\u00fd je vid\u011bt ze v\u0161ech stran m\u011bsta, se dostanete po dlouh\u00e9 cest\u011b sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze schod\u016f vytesan\u00fdch do sk\u00e1ly. Na vrcholu hory jsou zbytky padac\u00edho mostu, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopu. Po pr\u016fchodu branou se ocitnete na velk\u00e9m n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, na jeho\u017e stran\u011b jsou vid\u011bt zbytky z\u0159\u00edcen\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naproti je v\u011b\u017e s hodinami, pak \u010dtvercov\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e, pak kaple zasv\u011bcen\u00e1 posv\u00e1tn\u00e9mu r\u016f\u017eenci – kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako s\u00eddlo „velmi vlivn\u00e9“ \u017eensk\u00e9 komunity, kter\u00e1 se mezi dv\u011bma v\u00e1lkami rozpadla, v\u011b\u017e Anjoin a pot\u00e9 skladi\u0161t\u011b, v\u011bzen\u00ed a kobky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, kolem tohoto hradu je mnoho legend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jednoho z majitel\u016f hradu barona Corvo de Corvis, kter\u00e9mu m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159ezd\u00edvali \u201eHavran\u201c pro jeho vrozenou zlomyslnost a zvr\u00e1cenou povahu. Ve skute\u010dnosti donutil sv\u00e9 vazaly uct\u00edt \u010dern\u00e9ho havrana a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtli uct\u00edt tohoto \u010dern\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, byli mu\u010deni na jeho hrad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed legenda, a nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak se stejn\u00fd baron rozhodl o\u017eivit starov\u011bk\u00fd feud\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon Ius Primae Noctis neboli \u201epr\u00e1vo prvn\u00ed noci\u201c. Mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed se o\u017eenili, si museli man\u017eelku \u201ekoupit\u201c na z\u00e1klad\u011b zaplacen\u00ed dan\u011b stanoven\u00e9 hradn\u00edm p\u00e1nem. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed nemohli zaplatit v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 za svou nev\u011bstu, ji museli d\u00e1t na jednu noc baronovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani exkomunikace, kter\u00e1 na n\u011bj byla uvalena, barona nep\u0159ivedla k rozumu. Proto se ho m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 rozhodli jednodu\u0161e zab\u00edt a vytvo\u0159ili spiknut\u00ed o jeho \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednoho dne byli baronovi p\u0159edlo\u017eeni dva mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bli o\u017eenit, ale nem\u011bli pen\u00edze na spln\u011bn\u00ed Ius primae noctis. Baron po\u017e\u00e1dal o \u017eenu, aby s n\u00edm z\u016fstala p\u0159es noc a… \u017dena ode\u0161la za soumraku do jeho hradu a tam ji slu\u017eebn\u00edci odvedli do baronova pokoje. Ta (podle jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f \u0161lo o mlad\u00e9ho man\u017eela p\u0159evle\u010den\u00e9ho za nev\u011bstu) si lehla na postel, ale kdy\u017e cht\u011bl baron ud\u011blat tot\u00e9\u017e, \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fd host (nebo host) ho pra\u0161til do srdce jehlou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed de Corvis polo\u017eil ruku na r\u00e1nu v marn\u00e9m pokusu zastavit krv\u00e1cen\u00ed a pak ji p\u0159itiskl ke st\u011bn\u011b vedle postele a \u201eproklel rodinu vraha\u201c. Nav\u00edc ve stejnou dobu na hrad za\u00fato\u010dil rozzu\u0159en\u00fd dav m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tohle je velmi vtipn\u00e1 fotka. Na n\u011bm… je byzantsk\u00fd vrha\u010d \u201e\u0159eck\u00e9ho ohn\u011b\u201c. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010deho bylo \u201etoto\u201c vyrobeno, kde je dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee vypadal p\u0159esn\u011b takto, nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo. N\u011bco je ale t\u0159eba turist\u016fm uk\u00e1zat… Foto ealloraparto.it\/castello-di-roccascalegna<\/em>
Legenda prav\u00ed, \u017ee v r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch bylo u\u010din\u011bno n\u011bkolik pokus\u016f vymazat \u201eruku krve\u201c, ale vypadala jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy, dokud se v roce 1940, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b de\u0161tiv\u00e9m roce, \u010d\u00e1st hradu z\u0159\u00edtila a vzala s sebou m\u00edstnost, kde stala se vra\u017eda a ze\u010f s \u201erukou\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jin\u00e1 legenda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee za bou\u0159liv\u00fdch noc\u00ed, kdy v\u00edtr bi\u010duje cimbu\u0159\u00ed pevnosti a n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 mraky se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed jej\u00ed vysok\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee, hejno vran ohla\u0161uje n\u00e1vrat barona, kter\u00fd neklidn\u011b bloud\u00ed komnatami sv\u00e9ho starobyl\u00e9ho hradu a sna\u017e\u00ed se naj\u00edt v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd m\u00edr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No a te\u010f jsou tady muzea, i kdy\u017e nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bohat\u00e1, a na z\u00e1mku se konaj\u00ed svatby, dokonce se konaj\u00ed konference a obchodn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ve dvou modern\u011b vyzdoben\u00fdch s\u00e1lech! Lid\u00e9 se nau\u010dili vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat na v\u0161em, dokonce i na starov\u011bk\u00fdch modernizovan\u00fdch ruin\u00e1ch!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o hradech a tvrz\u00edch, jak lze soudit podle publikac\u00ed na webu VO,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\nRoccascalegna: hrad na okraji \u00fatesu - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/roccascalegna-hrad-na-okraji-utesu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Roccascalegna: hrad na okraji \u00fatesu - L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hrady. 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