A Var\u0161ava skute\u010dn\u011b nem\u011bla \u010das. Nebo\u0165 nov\u00fd st\u00e1t, jakmile se zrodil, za\u010dal v\u00e1lku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se v\u0161emi sv\u00fdmi sousedy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prvn\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed jeho agrese se stala Z\u00e1padoukrajinsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika \u2013 zem\u011b b\u00fdval\u00fdch rakousko-uhersk\u00fdch provinci\u00ed Galicie a Lodomeria. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed Pilsudsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1vratem, 1. listopadu 1918, dobyli pol\u0161t\u00ed legion\u00e1\u0159i Lvov a brzy i celou Hali\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed byli ned\u00e1vn\u00ed spojenci \u2013 N\u011bmci. 27. prosince 1918 za\u010daly v Poznani st\u0159ety mezi polsk\u00fdmi legion\u00e1\u0159i a n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi jednotkami. Po vytrval\u00fdch 10denn\u00edch boj\u00edch 6. ledna kapitulovala m\u00edstn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- ledna 1919 obsadily Pilsudsk\u00e9ho jednotky pod z\u00e1minkou ochrany polsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto samostatn\u00e9 Litvy, m\u011bsto Vilna. Zde v\u0161ak narazila kosa na k\u00e1men: 6. ledna byly polsk\u00e9 jednotky Rudou arm\u00e1dou vytla\u010deny z Vilna a brzy bylo m\u011bsto prohl\u00e1\u0161eno za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Litevsko-b\u011blorusk\u00e9 SSR.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Od t\u00e9to chv\u00edle m\u016f\u017eeme za\u010d\u00edt odpo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat sov\u011btsko-polsk\u00fd ozbrojen\u00fd konflikt \u2013 a\u010dkoli tato v\u00e1lka byla velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed: ne \u017ee by se odehr\u00e1la bez vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky, ale i kdy\u017e se to tak d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci \u2013 \u201ev provozuschopn\u00e9m stavu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dne 10. \u00fanora 1919 v\u0161ak RSFSR znovu vyzvalo Polsko, aby nav\u00e1zalo diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy a podepsalo m\u00edr \u2013 a op\u011bt nedostalo \u017e\u00e1dnou odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V srpnu 1919 vstoupili Pol\u00e1ci do Minsku. V tomto okam\u017eiku se ofenziva zastavila. Pol\u00e1ci po cel\u00fd rok 1919 nevykazovali na v\u00fdchod\u011b \u017e\u00e1dnou v\u00e1\u017enou aktivitu, omezovali se na drobn\u00e9 provokace a zab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch m\u011bst. Var\u0161ava z\u0159ejm\u011b \u010dekala, koho to vezme, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e doufala, \u017ee v d\u016fsledku v\u00e1lky se Rusko zhrout\u00ed a bude mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u0161e z\u00edskat bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Obyvatel\u00e9 Carelozhsku a Belodelu vy\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed Pol\u00e1k\u016fm, \u017ee se \u201enespojili s D\u011bnikinem a Wrangelem\u201c. D\u011bnikin v exilu ji\u017e v roce 1937 vybuchl s \u010dl\u00e1nkem, ve kter\u00e9m uvedl, \u017ee existuje jist\u00e1 tajn\u00e1 dohoda podepsan\u00e1 v listopadu 1919 Pilsudsk\u00fdm osobn\u011b s RSFSR, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e citoval pam\u011bti b\u00fdval\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka polsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu gen. Haller a b\u00fdval\u00fd vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f gener\u00e1l Kutsheba. V\u00e1lku v\u0161ak krom\u011b vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 nel\u00e1sky a politick\u00fdch intrik brzdil nedostatek s\u00edly mezi Pol\u00e1ky. To je vlastn\u011b pro tehdej\u0161\u00ed dobu spole\u010dn\u00fd bod \u2013 nikdo nem\u011bl dostatek pracovn\u00edch sil na v\u00e1lku \u2013 n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku, necht\u011bly prol\u00e9vat krev \u2013 a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed arm\u00e1d bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 (Vzpome\u0148te si\u2026 no, alespo\u0148 nepokoje n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f na francouzsk\u00e9 eskad\u0159e v \u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i) . Pol\u00e1ci ale museli dob\u00fdt z\u00e1padn\u00ed Ukrajinu a bojovat s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi protonacisty \u2013 Freikorpsem ve Slezsku\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A teprve 5. b\u0159ezna 1920 provedla polsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da \u00fato\u010dnou operaci ve sm\u011bru Mozyr a Rechitsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zastavme se a zamysleme se \u2013 do roku 1920 bol\u0161evici porazili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele \u2013 B\u00edl\u00e1 arm\u00e1da z\u016fstala pouze na Krymu a roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Kol\u010dakovy arm\u00e1dy sed\u011bly na D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b pod k\u0159\u00eddly Japonc\u016f. A nyn\u00ed se Var\u0161ava v\u00e1\u017en\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159ipravovat na v\u00e1lku \u2013 mimochodem s mnohamilionovou Rudou arm\u00e1dou, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele um\u00ed porazit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro\u010d se Polsko ze strachu z nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho Ruska najednou rozhodlo na n\u011bj za\u00fato\u010dit \u2013 u\u017e tak siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let \u0159ada polsk\u00fdch politik\u016f obvinila Pilsudsk\u00e9ho (tehdy to bylo je\u0161t\u011b povoleno), \u017ee zah\u00e1jil kampa\u0148 na v\u00fdchod\u011b na tajn\u00fd rozkaz zahrani\u010dn\u00edch \u201ecentr\u016f moci\u201c. Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed historici se tak\u00e9 dr\u017eeli n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee Dohoda zam\u00fd\u0161lela zni\u010dit vzbou\u0159enou Rudou Moskvu rukama Pol\u00e1k\u016f. (A nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee do jara 1920 Polsko dostalo masivn\u00ed vojenskou pomoc od zem\u00ed Dohody \u2013 jen jeden a p\u016fl tis\u00edce zbran\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mo\u017en\u00e1 Pilsudski up\u00ednal sv\u00e9 nad\u011bje k Petljurovi, kter\u00fd jel v jeho konvoji\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159il ve \u0161\u0165astnou hv\u011bzdu nebo v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee bol\u0161evick\u00e9 s\u00edly ji\u017e byly vy\u010derp\u00e1ny v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost o\u017eivit Polsko-litevsk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed v \u201ehistorick\u00fdch hranic\u00edch roku 1772\u201c stoj\u00ed za riziko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed byli Pol\u00e1ci zklam\u00e1ni sv\u00fdm v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm pohrd\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi sousedy, tradi\u010dn\u00edm postojem k Rus\u016fm a Ukrajinc\u016fm jako \u201enarodam hlopskim\u201c (mysl\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159eklad nepot\u0159ebuje).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e Pilsudski \u0159ekl: „M\u00fdm snem je dostat se do Moskvy a napsat na ze\u010f Kremlu: „Je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no mluvit rusky.“ „Nicm\u00e9n\u011b,“ \u0159ekl z\u00e1stupc\u016fm z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed, „Moskvu mo\u017en\u00e1 nevezmu.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale budi\u017e, v\u00e1lka za\u010dala \u2013 a znovu za\u010dala bez vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdo tuto v\u00e1lku rozpoutal, je dob\u0159e patrn\u00e9 ze zpr\u00e1vy americk\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce v misi Entente v Polsku, gener\u00e1lmajora J. Kernana, adresovan\u00e9 prezidentu Wilsonovi 11. dubna 1919:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eA\u010dkoli v Polsku v\u0161echny zpr\u00e1vy a rozhovory neust\u00e1le hovo\u0159\u00ed o agresi bol\u0161evik\u016f, nic takov\u00e9ho jsem si nev\u0161imnul. S uspokojen\u00edm jsem naopak konstatoval, \u017ee i drobn\u00e9 poty\u010dky na v\u00fdchodn\u00edch hranic\u00edch Polska sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e o agresivn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Pol\u00e1k\u016f\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 19. b\u0159ezna 1920 Var\u0161ava kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017eila m\u00edrov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky s RSFSR, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161ily od \u201eobsc\u00e9nn\u00ed\u201c Brest-Litevsk\u00e9 smlouvy \u2013 jako by Pol\u00e1ci byli alespo\u0148 pobl\u00ed\u017e Smolenska Mezi po\u017eadavky nebylo nic men\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e kon\u00e1n\u00ed \u201e. svobodn\u00e9 a demokratick\u00e9 volby\u201c a \u201euzn\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikly na \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria a v sou\u010dasnosti ji\u017e maj\u00ed vl\u00e1dy; se zavazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nebudou ovliv\u0148ovat jejich vnit\u0159n\u00ed strukturu a ponechaj\u00ed jim \u00faplnou svobodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159irozen\u011b bylo ultim\u00e1tum zam\u00edtnuto \u2013 nicm\u00e9n\u011b k tomu bylo ur\u010deno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale m\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159ed t\u00edm, 27. \u00fanora 1920, Lenin proz\u00edrav\u011b poznamenal: \u201eV\u0161echny zn\u00e1mky \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee Polsko n\u00e1m postav\u00ed absolutn\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9, dokonce drz\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Pova\u017eoval bych za nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k rychl\u00e9mu transportu v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho ze Sibi\u0159e a Uralu na z\u00e1padn\u00ed frontu\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Debut na Dn\u011bpru a \u201eZ\u00e1zrak na Visle\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00edly z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty v\u0161ak nebyly p\u0159ipraveny na v\u00e1lku (a nazna\u010duje to samo – \u201ejako v\u017edy\u201c). Ve dnech 19. a\u017e 21. dubna vyhnaly polsk\u00e9 jednotky Rudou arm\u00e1du z Vilna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji se arm\u00e1da gener\u00e1la Hallera p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila ke Gomelu a p\u0159ekro\u010dila Dn\u011bpr a m\u00ed\u0159ila na sm\u011br Smolensk, ale narazila na prudk\u00fd odpor – dokonce i s\u00e1m Trockij dorazil, aby vedl obranu m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Od Nemanu k Pripjati vznikla souvisl\u00e1 sov\u011btsko-polsk\u00e1 fronta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale hlavn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti se odehr\u00e1ly na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polsk\u00e9 jednotky zah\u00e1jily 25. dubna tot\u00e1ln\u00ed ofenz\u00edvu pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9 fronty. S vyu\u017eit\u00edm velk\u00e9 p\u0159esily v sil\u00e1ch dos\u00e1hli po\u010d\u00e1tkem kv\u011btna Pripjati a Dn\u011bpru, obsadili \u017ditomir, Koroste\u0148, Kazarin a 7. kv\u011btna Kyjev a dobyli p\u0159edmost\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Dn\u011bpru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O tom, co se stalo na okupovan\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch a b\u011blorusk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, v\u00e1m pov\u00edme samotn\u00e9 Pol\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak vzpom\u00ednal Y. Beck, kter\u00fd se ve 30. letech stal ministrem zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed: \u201eVe vesnic\u00edch jsme p\u0159i sebemen\u0161\u00edm podez\u0159en\u00ed z neup\u0159\u00edmnosti v\u0161echny zabili a v\u0161echno sp\u00e1lili. Zpracoval jsem zadek vlastn\u00edma rukama.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hrab\u011b Kossakovsky, p\u0159edstavitel polsk\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, vypov\u00edd\u00e1: \u201eB\u00fdval\u00fd n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u00e1bu gener\u00e1la Listovsk\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e mu vypr\u00e1v\u011bli, jak byly rozdrceny hlavy a l\u00e1m\u00e1ny kon\u010detiny, neochotn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eNic!\u201c Vid\u011bl jsem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed zku\u0161enost: u\u0161ili \u017eivou ko\u010dku n\u011bkomu do rozp\u00e1ran\u00e9ho b\u0159icha a vsadili se, kdo zem\u0159e prvn\u00ed, mu\u017e nebo ko\u010dka.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Navzdory tomu se mnoz\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 B\u00edl\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b radovali z v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Var\u0161avy – nap\u0159\u00edklad Maklakov \u0159ekl, \u017ee Pol\u00e1ci je\u0161t\u011b zaberou B\u011blorusko a Litvu, tak\u017ee je nutn\u00e9 s nimi spojit s\u00edly v boji proti bol\u0161evik\u016fm. A Savinkov a Bredov aktivn\u011b vyz\u00fdvali rudoarm\u011bjce, aby p\u0159e\u0161li na stranu Pol\u00e1k\u016f\u2026 A v\u011bc se neomezovala jen na v\u00fdzvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Savinkov nap\u0159\u00edklad informoval Wrangela a Struvea o mo\u017enosti rusko-polsk\u00e9 \u201evojensk\u00e9 dohody\u201c. Jeho z\u00e1kladem by m\u011blo b\u00fdt rozhodnut\u00ed o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed samostatn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f pod rusk\u00fdm velen\u00edm na polsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v \u010dervnu 1920 ve Var\u0161av\u011b se sankc\u00ed Pilsudsk\u00e9ho a \u201es v\u011bdom\u00edm Bernatsk\u00e9ho a Struva\u201c vytvo\u0159il Savinkov, \u201enejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nositel politick\u00e9 moci\u201c, jeho\u017e se s\u00e1m stal, Rusk\u00fd politick\u00fd v\u00fdbor. . Ti b\u00fdval\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali s Polskem v \u0159ad\u00e1ch Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a obecn\u011b v\u0161ichni, kdo neza\u017eili orgasmus z Pilsudsk\u00e9ho a jeho invaze, Savinkov pohrdav\u011b nazval \u201eBrusilovov\u00fdmi patrioty\u201c (my\u0161leno apel gener\u00e1la Brusilova k boji proti invazi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi masami ale polsk\u00e1 invaze vyvolala \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 emoce<\/p>\n\n\n\n
. A za prv\u00e9, obyvatelstvo Ukrajiny a B\u011bloruska mohlo m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 postoje k socialismu a bol\u0161evik\u016fm, ale byli jednotn\u00ed v tom, \u017ee necht\u011bli moc p\u00e1n\u016f. Ostatn\u011b nesm\u00edme zapom\u00ednat: Pol\u00e1ci byli v lidov\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed Rus\u016f, B\u011blorus\u016f a Ukrajinc\u016f vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jako star\u00fd, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u201ep\u016fvodn\u00ed\u201c nep\u0159\u00edtel – od dob Bogdana Chmelnick\u00e9ho a \u010casu nesn\u00e1z\u00ed. Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee mnoho p\u0159edstavitel\u016f \u201esvr\u017een\u00fdch vyko\u0159is\u0165ovatelsk\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u201c v t\u00e9 dob\u011b aktivn\u011b cht\u011blo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy \u2013 a nen\u00ed se \u010demu divit, proto\u017ee p\u0159edrevolu\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost vyrostla na kultu Minina a Po\u017earsk\u00e9ho a funguje jako opera \u201e\u017divot pro cara\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1sn\u00edk Mariengof p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee jeho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd, b\u00fdval\u00fd aktivn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed rada, b\u011bhem dn\u016f bitvy o Var\u0161avu \u0159ekl, \u017ee bol\u0161evik\u016fm odpustil zabaven\u00fd majetek \u2013 jen za por\u00e1\u017eku Pol\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tis\u00edce b\u00fdval\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f ukryt\u00fdch v t\u00fdlu se ochotn\u011b p\u0159ipojily k Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b, proto\u017ee pova\u017eovali za svou povinnost bojovat s invazn\u00edmi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky. Existuj\u00ed dokonce nepotvrzen\u00e9 informace o p\u0159eb\u011bhl\u00edc\u00edch z Wrangelovy arm\u00e1dy, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li k Rud\u00fdm s jedinou \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed – poslat je na z\u00e1padn\u00ed frontu. Potvrdily se ale i dal\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnosti – \u017ee do Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy vstoupil i zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det hali\u010dsk\u00fdch sichsk\u00fdch st\u0159elc\u016f a petljurovc\u016f – jako setn\u00edk sboru \u201erud\u00fdch koz\u00e1k\u016f\u201c S. Baylo, b\u00fdval\u00fd major arm\u00e1dy UPR, kter\u00fd se stal dr\u017eitelem \u0159\u00e1du rud\u00e9ho praporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Obecn\u011b se \u201ev\u00fdchodn\u00ed kampa\u0148\u201c stala koncem samotn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky UPR a Petliura se z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho uchaze\u010de o roli n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u016fdce nakonec prom\u011bnil v politickou mrtvolu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mimochodem, Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Rusko nyn\u00ed m\u011blo, ne-li spojence, pak sympatizanty z \u0159ad nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch soused\u016f Polska \u2013 Litvy, Loty\u0161ska (kte\u0159\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bli o pl\u00e1nech budovatel\u016f \u201eVelk\u00e9ho Polska\u201c na jejich p\u0159ipojen\u00ed) a N\u011bmecka, kter\u00e9 samo m\u011blo trp\u011bl od Pol\u00e1k\u016f, zast\u00e1val benevolentn\u00ed neutralitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve Var\u0161av\u011b to v\u0161ak nevid\u011bli a u\u017e v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jsou na pokraji spln\u011bn\u00ed snu Polsko-litevsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed \u201eod mo\u0159e k mo\u0159i\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A protiofenz\u00edva jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty 26. kv\u011btna, jak s\u00e1m Pilsudski p\u0159iznal \u2013 s ur\u010ditou d\u011btskou z\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u016f\u010di bol\u0161evik\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u011b\u201c, se pro n\u011bj stala velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e polsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u011bd\u011bla: Rud\u00fdch je v\u00edc ne\u017e jeden. a p\u016flkr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e oni v po\u010dtu. Jegorov\u016fv p\u0159edn\u00ed velitel v\u0161ak m\u011bl ne\u010dekan\u00fd trumf – 24 tis\u00edc \u0161avl\u00ed Prvn\u00ed kaval\u00e9rie, kter\u00e9 dorazily nucen\u00fdm pochodem v ko\u0148sk\u00e9 formaci doslova den p\u0159ed st\u00e1vkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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- \u010dervna 1920 prolomil Budyonny se v\u0161emi sv\u00fdmi \u010dty\u0159mi j\u00edzdn\u00edmi divizemi polskou frontu. V \u017ditomiru t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dobyl velitelstv\u00ed polsk\u00e9ho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho frontu a v Berdi\u010dov\u011b dobyl a vyhodil do vzduchu sklad s milionem gran\u00e1t\u016f, tak\u017ee polsk\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159electvo z\u016fstalo bez munice. Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da uv\u00e1zla v boj\u00edch u Lvova.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u010dervence za\u010dala ofenz\u00edva z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty pod veden\u00edm nejmlad\u0161\u00edho z arm\u00e1dn\u00edch velitel\u016f Michaila Tucha\u010devsk\u00e9ho. V\u00fdznam p\u0159ikl\u00e1dan\u00fd t\u00e9to operaci v Moskv\u011b lze pochopit z toho, \u017ee Tucha\u010devskij jako jedin\u00fd p\u0159id\u011blil ze z\u00e1lohy nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbra\u0148 pro Rudou arm\u00e1du – tanky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u010dervence byl osvobozen Minsk. 14. \u010dervence \u2013 Vilna, kter\u00e1 byla dohodou p\u0159evedena do Litvy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Do 22. \u010dervence jednotky z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty porazily 1. a 4. polskou arm\u00e1du a dos\u00e1hly linie Grodno-Slonim. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva pokra\u010dovala – po dobyt\u00ed Brestu se jednotky z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty p\u0159esunuly k Visle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e Pol\u00e1ci vid\u011bli, \u017ee v\u011bci nab\u00edraj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd sm\u011br, za\u010dali testovat vody na m\u00edrovou dohodu \u2013 ale nyn\u00ed je sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed ignorovalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nav\u00edc v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Pol\u00e1k\u016f se, dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, otev\u0159ela t\u0159et\u00ed fronta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u017e v kv\u011btnu se staly st\u00e1vky lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdch doka\u0159\u016f v\u00e1\u017enou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou dod\u00e1vek zbran\u00ed do Polska. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1vka \u017eelezni\u010d\u00e1\u0159\u016f ve Francii, kterou podporovali p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci, vedla k tomu, \u017ee b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edce nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00edlat do Polska vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby. 21. \u010dervence druh\u00fd kongres Kominterny vyzval d\u011bln\u00edky, aby ud\u011blali v\u0161e pro to, aby naru\u0161ili vojensk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky do Polska. V Anglii pod heslem „Ruce pry\u010d od Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho Ruska!“ Za\u010dala pracovat \u201eAk\u010dn\u00ed rada\u201c. V Gda\u0148sku se protipolsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady shodovaly s prolet\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm solid\u00e1rn\u00edm hnut\u00edm. 21. \u010dervence p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed doka\u0159i odm\u00edtli vylo\u017eit vojensk\u00fd n\u00e1klad pro Polsko z \u0159eck\u00e9 lodi, 24. \u010dervence – z nizozemsk\u00e9\u2026 A to nejsou v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edklady! Por\u00e1\u017eky na Ukrajin\u011b a v B\u011blorusku zp\u016fsobily ve Var\u0161av\u011b \u0161ok. Premi\u00e9r Vladislav Grabski a ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Stanislav Patek odjeli do Francie, kde se ve dnech 5. a\u017e 16. \u010dervence ve Spa resortu konala konference Entente. Pi\u0142sudski poslal do Spa dopisy s t\u00edm, \u017ee situaci pova\u017euje za beznad\u011bjnou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdyby se \u201ez\u00e1zrak na Visle\u201c nestal, cesta do N\u011bmecka by byla otev\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A s n\u00edm by se otev\u0159ely skute\u010dn\u011b fantastick\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bmecko ned\u00e1vno za\u017eilo revoluci, brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010denou a st\u00e1lo na prahu nov\u00e9. N\u011bmecko nem\u011blo prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed voj\u00e1ky a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci bylo zcela nemo\u017en\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat se na spolehlivost n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo Landwehr\u016f. Nejhlub\u0161\u00ed zklam\u00e1n\u00ed v b\u00fdval\u00e9 bur\u017eoazn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jej\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch a principech, bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech vrstv\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by v t\u00e9to situaci vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda a \u00fa\u0159ady V\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 republiky mohly v\u00e1\u017en\u011b oponovat cokoli proti ideologii bol\u0161evismu, podporovan\u00e9 bajonety a \u010depelemi Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1pad nav\u00edc nebyl schopen do situace zas\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evropa se je\u0161t\u011b nevzpamatovala z prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a prost\u011b nemohla odolat rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu konfliktu. Nav\u00edc p\u0159ed o\u010dima politik\u016f byl \u017eiv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad – Rusko, ve kter\u00e9m bylo snadn\u00e9 pochopit, k \u010demu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st pokus zahnat n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily \u010dty\u0159let\u00fd masakr, do nov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout povst\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f na francouzsk\u00fdch lod\u00edch vyslan\u00fdch do \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e nebo nepokoje v arm\u00e1d\u011b v l\u00e9t\u011b 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po t\u011bchto slovech lze autorovi vytknout cokoli \u2013 od geopolitick\u00e9ho utopismu a\u017e po imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed ambice. Ale pokud si pamatujete doslova celou historii lidsk\u00e9 rasy; a jak ve jm\u00e9nu mnohem men\u0161\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f tekly \u0159eky krve a p\u00e1chaly se obludn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny\u2026 Ale potomci a sou\u010dasn\u00edci \u010dasto ospravedl\u0148ovali sv\u00e9 organiz\u00e1tory a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky t\u00edm, \u017ee jim stav\u011bli pomn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jedin\u00fd, kdo se postavil proti pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ofenzivy na Z\u00e1pad, nebyl nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e I.V. Stalin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eT\u011blo polsk\u00fdch jednotek se v tomto ohledu v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od t\u00fdlu Kol\u010daku a D\u011bnikina, co\u017e je pro Polsko v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od t\u00fdlu Kol\u010daku a D\u011bnikina je t\u00fdl polsk\u00fdch jednotek homogenn\u00ed a n\u00e1rodnostn\u011b sjednocen\u00fd. Odtud jeho jednota a stabilita. Jeho p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1lada \u2013 \u201esmysl pro vlast\u201c \u2013 se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed po \u010detn\u00fdch nit\u00edch na polskou frontu, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudr\u017enost a pevnost v jednotk\u00e1ch\u2026\u201c \u2013 to napsal budouc\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f SSSR v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eNov\u00e1 dohoda Kampa\u0148 na Rusko\u201c (Pravda, 25. – 26. kv\u011btna 1920).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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- \u010dervence zaslal anglick\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Lord Curzon jm\u00e9nem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rady Dohody sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b ultim\u00e1tum po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zastaven\u00ed ofenz\u00edvy na linii Grodno \u2013 Brest \u2013 Litovsk \u2013 Rava \u2013 Russkaja \u2013 Przemysl ( \u201eCurzonova linie\u201c je v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice Polska stanoven\u00e1 dohodou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b odpov\u00eddala jej\u00edm etnick\u00fdm hranic\u00edm).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Ale Kreml prost\u011b ignoroval Curzonovo ultim\u00e1tum, kter\u00e9 se stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem politick\u00fdch karikatur, stejn\u011b jako Var\u0161ava p\u0159edt\u00edm ignorovala ve\u0161ker\u00e9 snahy sov\u011btsk\u00e9 diplomacie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0159ejm\u011b to byla chyba \u2013 ale \u201eKa\u017ed\u00e1 v\u00e1lka je nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec chyb\u201c (Clausewitz)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pilsudski nem\u011bl jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e bojovat na \u017eivot a na smrt \u2013 byla vytvo\u0159ena vl\u00e1da n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrany, byla zah\u00e1jena propaganda, v kostelech se \u010detla k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed o nutnosti odrazit \u201ebezbo\u017en\u00e9 Moskvany\u201c. A pro ty, na kter\u00e9 agitace ne\u00fa\u010dinkovala, byly \u201eza \u00fa\u010delem udr\u017een\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku v arm\u00e1d\u011b a boje proti dezerci\u201c z\u0159\u00edzeny vojensk\u00e9 soudy a po vzoru c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 a francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z\u00e1tarasov\u00e9 odd\u00edly s kulomety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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- \u010dervence dorazila do Var\u0161avy anglo-francouzsk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 mise veden\u00e1 gener\u00e1lem Weygandem a p\u0159evzala veden\u00ed boj\u016f. Polsku byla poskytnuta masivn\u00ed pomoc \u2013 tak\u017ee co do po\u010dtu tank\u016f se polsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da stala \u010dtvrtou v Evrop\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- srpna za\u010dala polsk\u00e1 protiofenz\u00edva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Na za\u010d\u00e1tku bitvy na Visle m\u011bli Pol\u00e1ci asi 100 tis\u00edc bajonet\u016f a \u0161avl\u00ed, proti 60-70 tis\u00edc\u016fm podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty (a v\u016fbec ne \u201emilion rudoarm\u011bjc\u016f\u201c, jak se muselo \u010d\u00edst ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sm\u011brem do proti\u00fatoku si v\u0161ak Pol\u00e1ci zajistili drtivou p\u0159evahu: t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159icet tis\u00edc bajonet\u016f a \u0161avl\u00ed proti \u0161esti tis\u00edc\u016fm voj\u00e1k\u016f 43. divize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdsledkem byla \u00fapln\u00e1 por\u00e1\u017eka z\u00e1padn\u00ed fronty, kter\u00e1 ztratila a\u017e 20 tis\u00edc zajatc\u016f a 25 tis\u00edc zabit\u00fdch a ran\u011bn\u00fdch. Dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvacet p\u011bt tis\u00edc lid\u00ed \u2013 zbytky diviz\u00ed prav\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla a Guyova jezdeck\u00e9ho sboru ustoupily do V\u00fdchodn\u00edho Pruska, kde byly internov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech se d\u00edky tvrd\u00e9 ruce zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho Rezuna-Suvorova stalo m\u00f3dou interpretovat tuto por\u00e1\u017eku jako d\u016fkaz Tucha\u010devsk\u00e9ho \u201epr\u016fm\u011brnosti\u201c. Ale znovu mus\u00edme m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee Tucha\u010devskij st\u00e1le dos\u00e1hl Var\u0161avy a neustoupil do Smolenska a Moskvy. A Napoleon i Suvorov utrp\u011bli por\u00e1\u017eky. Pamatujeme si tak\u00e9, \u017ee polsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da se z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti skl\u00e1dala z voj\u00e1k\u016f a d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f velkolep\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a dal\u0161\u00ed drobnosti, jako to, \u017ee Pol\u00e1ci m\u011bli pro ka\u017edou \u010detu lehk\u00fd kulomet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mohla Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da dos\u00e1hnout \u00fapln\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v srpnu 1920 a sov\u011btizace Polska, jak o tom snili bol\u0161evi\u010dt\u00ed v\u016fdci? Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enechat tuto ot\u00e1zku t\u011bm historik\u016fm a spisovatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed si jako velitel\u00e9 r\u00e1di p\u0159ehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed minul\u00e9 bitvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zastavme se pouze u mor\u00e1ln\u00edho aspektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ne\u00faprosn\u00e1 fakta dosv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee to nebylo Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Rusko, kdo tu v\u00e1lku za\u010dalo, a ne\u017e se Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da objevila u Var\u0161avy, byly polsk\u00e9 jednotky v Kyjev\u011b a Minsku, p\u0159ekro\u010dily Dn\u011bpr a postupovaly na Smolensk a Od\u011bsu\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A mo\u017en\u00fd p\u00e1d Var\u0161avy pod kopyty rud\u00e9 j\u00edzdy je zcela vinou t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto v\u00e1lku rozpoutali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro\u010d bylo nakonec mo\u017en\u00e9, aby n\u011bkdo rozdrtil Ma\u010farskou republiku s pomoc\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edho intervencionisty nebo v\u011b\u0161el po tis\u00edc\u00edch besarabsk\u00e9 rebely, ale ne, aby tot\u00e9\u017e ud\u011blal Lenin s Polskem Pilsudsk\u00e9ho?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ri\u017esk\u00fd kompromis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale tak \u010di onak, sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed moud\u0159e nevlo\u017eilo v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 vejce do jednoho \u2013 vojensk\u00e9ho \u2013 ko\u0161e a je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem bitvy o Var\u0161avu za\u010dala v Minsku sov\u011btsko-polsk\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bylo rozhodnuto p\u0159esunout dal\u0161\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed do Rigy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Pro RSFSR byl m\u00edr s Polskem \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Wrangel se usadil na Krymu, ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka pokra\u010dovala na periferii a uvnit\u0159 zem\u011b rostla nespokojenost roln\u00edk\u016f s nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e1lka ale vy\u010derpala i Polsko \u2013 letn\u00ed ofenziva Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy ho p\u0159ivedla na pokraj kolapsu. Pilsudski ani bol\u0161evici tedy nem\u011bli n\u00e1ladu pokra\u010dovat ve v\u00e1lce. Proto byl 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1920 podeps\u00e1n p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd m\u00edr, kter\u00fd byl definitivn\u011b schv\u00e1len a dohodnut v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00edr v Rize st\u00e1le vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ost\u0159e negativn\u00ed reakci mezi rusk\u00fdmi d\u017eingoisty a carelozhany – podle jejich n\u00e1zoru bylo Pol\u00e1k\u016fm d\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho \u201ezem\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f\u201c. (No, ano – z laskavosti sv\u00e9ho srdce to vzali a dali pry\u010d!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u00e9 argumenty sd\u00edleli mnoz\u00ed i v samotn\u00e9m Polsku \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad toto je hodnocen\u00ed Ri\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00edru, kter\u00e9ho se dr\u017eel zn\u00e1m\u00fd gener\u00e1l Anders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-1-1.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCelkov\u011b ale mohly b\u00fdt ob\u011b strany spokojen\u00e9. Polsko na\u0161lo pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdhodnou hranici na v\u00fdchod\u011b a p\u0159edstava sebe sama jako obr\u00e1nce Evropy, Rud\u00e1 Moskva zma\u0159ila pl\u00e1ny na znovuvytvo\u0159en\u00ed polsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria, dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b porazit nejen b\u011blogvard\u011bjce, ale i arm\u00e1da vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 podle \u201eevropsk\u00fdch standard\u016f\u201c; ve stejnou dobu – obdr\u017eel politickou mrtvolu petljurovstv\u00ed jako cenu \u00fat\u011bchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tohle v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017ee skon\u010dit. V podstat\u011b \u0161lo jen o jednu z v\u00e1lek o d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v d\u016fsledku 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zhroutily \u2013 ne nejdel\u0161\u00ed a dokonce ani nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla ta \u0159ecko-tureck\u00e1 \u2013 a\u017e milion ob\u011bt\u00ed a a\u017e jeden a p\u016fl milionu uprchl\u00edk\u016f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Smutn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek mal\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak konec\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nebo\u0165 kdy\u017e se na to pod\u00edv\u00e1te z historick\u00e9 perspektivy, tato v\u00e1lka byla bez nads\u00e1zky \u010f\u00e1belsky drah\u00e1 jak pro zem\u011b, tak pro n\u00e1rody. Srpen 1920 se stal prologem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939, co\u017e dalo vzniknout nesmi\u0159iteln\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed mezi Moskvou a Var\u0161avou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. a\u017e 30. let Polsko-litevsk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle zapomn\u011blo, \u017ee \u201eZ\u00e1zrak na Visle\u201c je skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1zrak, \u010das od \u010dasu hlasit\u011b prohla\u0161ovalo o bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se pomst\u011b. A\u017e budou \u201ebol\u0161evi\u010dt\u00ed Asiat\u00e9\u201c zahn\u00e1ni t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu a \u201epolsk\u00fd voj\u00e1k si pod\u00e1 ruku s Japonci\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Z\u00e1rove\u0148, jak s\u00e1m Anders p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, ze SSSR ve vztahu k Polsku nevych\u00e1zela \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e1 hrozba, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed absence obrann\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f na v\u00fdchodn\u00edch hranic\u00edch \u2013 \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f v\u0161ak bylo dost.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud jde o SSSR, pro kter\u00e9hokoli z jeho v\u016fdc\u016f by bylo velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 u\u010dinit rozhodnut\u00ed chopit se zbran\u00ed na obranu star\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd nejednou hrozil zni\u010den\u00edm \u201ebol\u0161evismu\u201c i Ruska jako st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v roce 1939 byl Stalin bl\u00edzko k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to bari\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u011bhem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s anglo-francouzskou mis\u00ed gener\u00e1la Dumenka se SSSR v z\u00e1sad\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dohodl, \u017ee bude proti N\u011bmecku jednat jako jednotn\u00e1 fronta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0160lo o mali\u010dkost \u2013 domluvit se na postupu rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na polsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a spole\u010dn\u00fdch akc\u00edch s polskou arm\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale\u2026 Mar\u0161\u00e1l Rydz-Smigly prohl\u00e1sil: \u201e Bez ohledu na d\u016fsledky , (zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed autorem \u2013 V.S.) nebude nikdy dovoleno, aby byl obsazen rusk\u00fdmi jednotkami ani p\u00ed\u010f polsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed\u2026 S N\u011bmci budeme ztratit svobodu, s Rusy ztrat\u00edme du\u0161i\u201c\u2026 D\u00e1le zn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Smrt milion\u016f a milion\u016f, mnoho let okupace, zni\u010den\u00ed Var\u0161avy a nakonec v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159icet let pobytu na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 orbit\u011b vlivu \u2013 to je cena, kterou polsk\u00fd lid zaplatil za ambice Pilsudsk\u00e9ho a \u201c Pilsudci\u00e1ni\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1m fakt, \u017ee \u00fatokem na Polsko, kter\u00fd se stal mo\u017en\u00fdm, jak vid\u00edme, pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky sov\u011btsko-polsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce za\u010dala druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka \u2013 kter\u00e1 st\u00e1la sv\u011bt nejm\u00e9n\u011b pades\u00e1t milion\u016f \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale jak jasn\u011b vid\u00edme ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch, Var\u0161ava se nikdy nepou\u010dila z historie\u2026 Mo\u017en\u00e1 je nemo\u017en\u00e9 se je nau\u010dit v\u016fbec?
Autorstv\u00ed:
Autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo \/ p\u0159eklad<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jedn\u00e1 se ji\u017e o pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd text, publikovan\u00fd v ryze m\u00edrov\u00e9 dob\u011b v n\u011bkolika ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"yoast_head":"\n
Jak Pol\u00e1ci naposledy bojovali s Ruskem - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak Pol\u00e1ci naposledy bojovali s Ruskem - L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jedn\u00e1 se ji\u017e o pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd text, publikovan\u00fd v ryze m\u00edrov\u00e9 dob\u011b v n\u011bkolika ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L\u00edpov\u00fd List\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-18T22:28:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-18T22:30:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-19-at-00-26-36-Polish-soviet-war-montage-Polsko-sovetska-valka-\u2013-Wikipedie.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"460\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"568\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David Z Moravy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/x.com\/DavidzMoravy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DavidzMoravy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"David Z Moravy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"David Z Moravy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/36713bba693a6de8e1239094530a9aaa\"},\"headline\":\"Jak Pol\u00e1ci naposledy bojovali s Ruskem\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-18T22:28:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-18T22:30:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4922,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/36713bba693a6de8e1239094530a9aaa\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/Screenshot-2024-07-19-at-00-26-36-Polish-soviet-war-montage-Polsko-sovetska-valka-\u2013-Wikipedie.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Historie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/lipovylist.cz\\\/wordpress\\\/jak-polaci-naposledy-bojovali-s-ruskem\\\/\",\"name\":\"Jak Pol\u00e1ci naposledy bojovali s Ruskem - 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- z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bylo rozhodnuto p\u0159esunout dal\u0161\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed do Rigy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
- \u010dervence zaslal anglick\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Lord Curzon jm\u00e9nem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rady Dohody sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b ultim\u00e1tum po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zastaven\u00ed ofenz\u00edvy na linii Grodno \u2013 Brest \u2013 Litovsk \u2013 Rava \u2013 Russkaja \u2013 Przemysl ( \u201eCurzonova linie\u201c je v\u00fdchodn\u00ed hranice Polska stanoven\u00e1 dohodou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b odpov\u00eddala jej\u00edm etnick\u00fdm hranic\u00edm).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n