{"id":352,"date":"2023-10-01T08:01:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T06:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=352"},"modified":"2023-10-02T04:29:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T02:29:55","slug":"proc-je-f-35-takovy-nescafe-dva-v-jednom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/proc-je-f-35-takovy-nescafe-dva-v-jednom\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d je F-35 takov\u00fd Nescafe dva v jednom?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V \u010dervnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku v r\u00e1mci cvi\u010den\u00ed Red Flag procvi\u010dovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed letadel americk\u00e9ho letectva, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho letectva Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a australsk\u00e9ho letectva mnoho spole\u010dn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b prolomen\u00ed vrstven\u00e9 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany. potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho nep\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1stupci letectva se z\u00fa\u010dastnili F-16, F-15, Eurofighter \u201eTyphoon\u201c, E-8 byly \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed letouny, F-22 a F-35 hr\u00e1ly roli skryt\u00e9ho doprovodu. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd soubor NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u0159\u00edtele p\u0159edstavovaly syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany dlouh\u00e9ho a st\u0159edn\u00edho dosahu a st\u00edha\u010dky konstruk\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e9 Su-30. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee byl simulov\u00e1n nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec F-35 fakticky rozhodly o v\u00fdsledku t\u00edm, \u017ee zni\u010dily s\u00edt\u011b protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany a p\u0159enesly data do raketov\u011b nabit\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek, jako jsou F-16, kter\u00e9 dokon\u010dily cestu nep\u0159\u00edtele na zemi i ve vzduchu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To, \u017ee F-35 m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9tat rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 1,6 Mach a ve sv\u00fdch vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u0161acht\u00e1ch unese n\u00e1klad \u010dty\u0159 zbran\u00ed<\/a> , nen\u00ed to nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 palebn\u00e1 s\u00edla, ale v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon F-35. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se F-35 stal zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako „quarterback na obloze“ nebo „po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd l\u00e9t\u00e1.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNikdy neexistovalo letadlo, kter\u00e9 by poskytovalo situa\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ehled jako F-35. V boji m\u00e1 situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed cenu zlata.\u201c – Major Justin „Hazard“ Lee, instruktor pilot F-35 americk\u00e9ho letectva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu mnoz\u00ed diskutovali, zda F-35 byla platforma, kter\u00e1 zm\u011bnila hru, nebo p\u0159\u00edklad akvizice zbran\u00ed Pentagonu, kter\u00e1 ned\u00e1vala smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ukazuje se, \u017ee je to oboj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Letoun, kter\u00fd dnes zn\u00e1me jako F-35, byl postaven tak, aby slou\u017eil n\u011bkolika slo\u017ek\u00e1m arm\u00e1dy s jedn\u00edm vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm, v\u0161estrann\u00fdm letounem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S dlouh\u00fdm seznamem po\u017eadavk\u016f od americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva, letectva, DARPA a n\u00e1sledn\u011b Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Kanady zorganizoval program Joint Strike Fighter ji\u017e v roce 1997 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br dvou prototyp\u016f: X-35 od Lockheed Martin a X- 32 od Boeingu“ A v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i museli tvrd\u011b pracovat: Joint Strike Fighter pot\u0159eboval nahradit alespo\u0148 p\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00fdch letadel v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, v\u010detn\u011b vysokorychlostn\u00edho st\u00edha\u010de F-14 Tomcat a \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9ho letounu A-10 Thunderbolt II alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco nahrazen\u00ed v\u0161ech t\u011bchto letadel jedn\u00edm letadlem by (teoreticky) u\u0161et\u0159ilo pen\u00edze, dlouh\u00fd seznam po\u017eadavk\u016f vy\u00fastil v lavinu n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco X-35 st\u00e1le soupe\u0159il o zak\u00e1zku, mnoz\u00ed si nebyli jisti, zda by takov\u00e9 letadlo mohlo b\u00fdt postaveno ve v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F-35, navr\u017een\u00fd od z\u00e1kladu s n\u00edzkou pozorovatelnost\u00ed jako prioritou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejtajn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00edhac\u00ed letoun sou\u010dasnosti. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jedin\u00fd motor F135 s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm spalov\u00e1n\u00edm 19 500 kgf, schopn\u00fdm urychlit st\u00edha\u010dku na rychlost a\u017e 1,6 Mach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Letoun m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st \u010dty\u0159i rakety nebo bomby uvnit\u0159 zbra\u0148ov\u00e9ho prostoru a \u0161est dal\u0161\u00edch na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch uzlech, ale to bude na \u00fakor utajen\u00ed. Plus \u010dty\u0159hlav\u0148ov\u00fd 25mm kan\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Standardn\u00ed nosnost v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed variant F-35 zahrnuje dv\u011b st\u0159ely vzduch-vzduch AIM-120C\/D a dv\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pumy GBU-32 JDAM, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed F-35 za\u00fato\u010dit na vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 i pozemn\u00ed c\u00edle. Krom\u011b toho Lockheed Martin vyvinul nov\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed zbra\u0148ov\u00fd voz\u00edk, kter\u00fd nakonec umo\u017en\u00ed letadlu n\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b st\u0159ely v z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kokpit F-35 se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 \u0159ad\u011b senzor\u016f a obrazovek, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zely u p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dek, ve prosp\u011bch velk\u00fdch dotykov\u00fdch obrazovek a zobrazovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na p\u0159ilb\u011b, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pilotovi vid\u011bt informace v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. P\u0159ilba tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pilotovi vid\u011bt p\u0159\u00edmo skrz letadlo, a to d\u00edky syst\u00e9mu distribuovan\u00fdch apertur (DAS) F-35 a sad\u011b \u0161esti infra\u010derven\u00fdch kamer namontovan\u00fdch v kruhov\u00e9m vzoru na trupu letadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

„Pokud byste se vr\u00e1tili do roku 2000 a n\u011bkdo \u0159ekl: ‚Dok\u00e1\u017eu postavit letadlo, kter\u00e9 je neviditeln\u00e9, m\u00e1 schopnost VTOL a um\u00ed b\u00fdt nadzvukov\u00e9,‘ v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v oboru by \u0159ekla, \u017ee je to nemo\u017en\u00e9.“ \u201c \u0159ekl Tom Burbage, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed mana\u017eer Lockheed pro program JSF v letech 2000 a\u017e 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Technologie, kter\u00e1 by toto v\u0161e spojila do jedin\u00e9 platformy, nebyla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pro pr\u016fmysl dostupn\u00e1.“

Zat\u00edmco prototypy X-32 a X-35 fungovaly dob\u0159e, rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem v sout\u011b\u017ei mohl b\u00fdt let F-35 s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm vzletem a vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm (STOVL). Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee americk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchota zam\u00fd\u0161lela pou\u017e\u00edt tento nov\u00fd letoun jako n\u00e1hradu za AV-8B „Harrier II“, m\u011bl by nov\u00fd americk\u00fd stealth st\u00edhac\u00ed letoun plnit stejnou \u00falohu p\u0159i vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m vzletu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prototypy X-32 Boeingu vypadaly neobvykleji ne\u017e jeho konkurenti X-35 a byly v mnoha ohledech m\u00e9n\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Boeing to vid\u011bl jako prodejn\u00ed argument pro sv\u016fj design, proto\u017ee m\u00e9n\u011b inovativn\u00ed syst\u00e9my pou\u017eit\u00e9 v jeho konstrukci byly levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017ebu. Letoun pou\u017e\u00edval syst\u00e9m vektorov\u00e1n\u00ed tahu vp\u0159ed pro vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, podobn\u00fd tomu u Harrieru. Ve skute\u010dnosti in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i Boeingu jednodu\u0161e p\u0159esm\u011brovali tah motoru letadla sm\u011brem dol\u016f, aby vzl\u00e9tl, \u010d\u00edm\u017e bylo p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b stabiln\u00ed ne\u017e X-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chybou Boeingu mohlo b\u00fdt jeho rozhodnut\u00ed postavit dva prototypy: jeden schopn\u00fd nadzvukov\u00e9ho letu a druh\u00fd schopn\u00fd vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed vyvolalo obavy p\u0159edstavitel\u016f Pentagonu o schopnost Boeingu \u0159\u00eddit jedno letadlo se v\u0161emi t\u011bmito schopnostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konstrukce v\u00fdtahu s ventil\u00e1torem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v X-35 spojovala motor v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti letadla s hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, kter\u00e1 poh\u00e1n\u011bla velk\u00fd ventil\u00e1tor namontovan\u00fd v trupu letadla za pilotem. Kdy\u017e se F-35 vzn\u00e1\u0161el, proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu z horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti letadla klesalo p\u0159es ventil\u00e1tor a vych\u00e1zelo ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytvo\u0159ily dva vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 zdroje tahu, d\u00edky nim\u017e bylo letadlo mnohem stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee F-35 nakonec vyhr\u00e1l<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

„M\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na letadlo Lockheed Martin a \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee vypad\u00e1 jako to, co byste o\u010dek\u00e1vali od modern\u00edho, vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho st\u00edhac\u00edho letounu.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 in\u017een\u00fdr Lockheed Martin Rick Rezebeck –<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Pod\u00edv\u00e1te se na letadlo Boeing a obecn\u00e1 reakce je: „Nerozum\u00edm.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec Lockheed Martin porazil neobvykl\u00fd prototyp Boeingu X-32 v \u0159\u00edjnu 2001. Budoucnost prototypu nazvan\u00e9ho F-35 vypadala jasn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lockheed Skunk Works se rozhodl za\u010d\u00edt s nejm\u00e9n\u011b slo\u017eitou iterac\u00ed nov\u00e9ho st\u00edhac\u00edho letounu a za\u010dal navrhovat F-35A pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v USAF jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hov\u00fd st\u00edha\u010d jako F-16 Fighting Falcon. Pot\u00e9, co byl F-35A dokon\u010den, in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159e\u0161el ke slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu F-35B ur\u010den\u00e9mu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed americkou n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchotou a nakonec k F-35C ur\u010den\u00e9mu pro slu\u017ebu na palub\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byl tu jedin\u00fd probl\u00e9m \u2013 vm\u011bstnat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty do jednoho trupu se uk\u00e1zalo jako extr\u00e9mn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Kdy\u017e Lockheed Martin dokon\u010dil konstruk\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na F-35A a za\u010dal pracovat na verzi B, uv\u011bdomili si, \u017ee odhady hmotnosti, kter\u00e9 stanovili p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed varianty pro letectvo, povedou k tomu, \u017ee letoun bude t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o tunu t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Tento chybn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det vedl k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu ve v\u00fdvoji \u2013 prvn\u00edmu, ale ne posledn\u00edmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho pozorovatele m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rozpoznat rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi variantami F-35, a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Jedin\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi ka\u017edou iterac\u00ed letadla se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f. \u010cili nejpatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly jsou ve zp\u016fsobu startu a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dky, ale na vzhled stroje to nem\u00e1 prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

F-35A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F-35A, ur\u010den\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed americk\u00fdm letectvem a spojeneck\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, je konven\u010dn\u00ed varianta pro vzlet a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed (CTOL). Toto letadlo je navr\u017eeno pro provoz na tradi\u010dn\u00edch vzletov\u00fdch a p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edch drah\u00e1ch a je jedinou verz\u00ed F-35 vybavenou 25mm integrovan\u00fdm kan\u00f3nem, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje nahradit jak v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd st\u00edha\u010d F-16, tak \u201el\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011blo\u201c A-10 Thunderbolt II. ..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

F-35B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F-35B byl \u00fa\u010delov\u011b vyroben pro operace s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm vzletem a vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm (STOVL) a byl navr\u017een tak, aby vyhovoval pot\u0159eb\u00e1m n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchoty Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Zat\u00edmco F-35B m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le operovat mimo tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed dr\u00e1hy, schopnosti STOVL nab\u00edzen\u00e9 F-35B umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchot\u011b l\u00e9tat s t\u011bmito letouny z kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edch drah nebo z palub oboj\u017eiveln\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00ed, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako \u201enosi\u010de blesk\u016f\u201c (od Lightning – „Blesk“).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

F-35C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F-35C je prvn\u00ed stealth st\u00edhac\u00ed letoun, kter\u00fd byl kdy vyvinut pro letadlov\u00e9 lod\u011b americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. M\u016f\u017ee se pochlubit v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi k\u0159\u00eddly ne\u017e jeho kolegov\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017eovac\u00ed rychlosti p\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na letadlov\u00e9 lodi. Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podvozek pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i tvrd\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edch na palubu letadlov\u00e9 lodi a tato verze m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kapacitu paliva (9 111 kg oproti F-35A 8 300 kg) pro mise na del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost. C je tak\u00e9 jedin\u00fdm F-35 vybaven\u00fdm skl\u00e1dac\u00edmi k\u0159\u00eddly, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich ulo\u017een\u00ed v trupu lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Ukazuje se, \u017ee kdy\u017e zkombinujete po\u017eadavky t\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch arm\u00e1d, skon\u010d\u00edte s F-35, co\u017e je letadlo, kter\u00e9 v mnoha ohledech nen\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pro to, co ka\u017ed\u00e1 slu\u017eba skute\u010dn\u011b chce.“ Todd Harrison, odborn\u00edk na letectv\u00ed a kosmonautiku z Centra pro strategick\u00e1 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed studia, \u0159ekl v roce 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pon\u011bkud up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed odborn\u00edka v sob\u011b nese skute\u010dn\u011b zdrav\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed: univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj nikdy nebude plnohodnotnou n\u00e1hradou za ty specializovan\u00e9. Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed bojov\u00fd letoun m\u016f\u017ee nahradit \u00fato\u010dn\u00fd letoun nebo p\u0159epadov\u00fd letoun, ale nemluv\u00edme o plnohodnotn\u00e9 n\u00e1hrad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdm Lockheed Martin nakonec vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eitosti ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 modifikace, ale proveden\u00ed tohoto in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho triku vedlo k \u0159ad\u011b zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160patn\u00e1 aritmetika Lockheed Martin odlo\u017eila po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj o 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a st\u00e1la d\u011bsiv\u00fdch 6,2 miliardy dolar\u016f, ale byl to jen prvn\u00ed z mnoha probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm nov\u00fd Joint Strike Fighter \u010del\u00ed. A\u017e v \u00fanoru 2006, p\u011bt let pot\u00e9, co Lockheed z\u00edskal kontrakt, sjel z mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed linky prvn\u00ed F-35A. Ale tyto ran\u00e9 F-35 nebyly ani p\u0159ipraveny k boji, proto\u017ee Pentagon se rozhodl zah\u00e1jit v\u00fdrobu p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b je to ve sv\u011bt\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 praxe: zah\u00e1jit s\u00e9riovou v\u00fdrobu letadla p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Testy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed, letadla se montuj\u00ed. Pokud testov\u00e1n\u00ed odhal\u00ed n\u011bco, co je t\u0159eba opravit\/p\u0159epracovat, obvykle to v prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1vodu nezp\u016fsob\u00ed velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, pokud nedostatky nejsou kritick\u00e9. Ale pokud by byla objevena v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 chyba, pak by v\u0161echna d\u0159\u00edve vyroben\u00e1 letadla musela b\u00fdt vr\u00e1cena k velk\u00fdm oprav\u00e1m. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echno je jako v\u017edy: \u010das plus pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do roku 2010, dev\u011bt let pot\u00e9, co Lockheed Martin z\u00edskal kontrakt JSF, n\u00e1klady na jeden F-35 vzrostly o v\u00edce ne\u017e 89 % oproti p\u016fvodn\u00edm odhad\u016fm. Trvalo dal\u0161\u00edch osm let, ne\u017e prvn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed F-35 vstoupily do boje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Co tedy skute\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161uje drah\u00fd F-35 od st\u00edha\u010dek, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ed n\u00edm? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dv\u011b slova: spr\u00e1va dat<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed piloti mus\u00ed za letu zvl\u00e1dat obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, a to znamen\u00e1 rozd\u011blit sv\u016fj \u010das a pozornost mezi cestov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlost\u00ed zvuku a p\u0159\u00edval informac\u00ed z obrazovek a senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed o va\u0161i pozornost. Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch st\u00edha\u010dek F-35 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kombinaci head-up displeje a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 reality na p\u0159ilb\u011b, aby byly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace ulo\u017eeny p\u0159\u00edmo v zorn\u00e9m poli pilota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159ilba Gen III je p\u0159izp\u016fsobena tak, aby sed\u011bla na hlav\u011b nositele, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo sklouznut\u00ed b\u011bhem letu a zajistilo se, \u017ee se displeje zobraz\u00ed na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem technici skenuj\u00ed hlavu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pilota, mapuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd prvek a konfiguruj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdstelku p\u0159ilby tak, aby odpov\u00eddala hlav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0159\u00edve museli piloti p\u0159i letu ve tm\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1zet na n\u00e1stavce pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed. Gen III prom\u00edt\u00e1 hodnoty no\u010dn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed z prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na hled\u00ed, kdy\u017e pilot aktivuje syst\u00e9m.

Sko\u0159epina je vyrobena z uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, co\u017e j\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fd kostkovan\u00fd vzor. C\u00edvka propojovac\u00edch kabel\u016f se t\u00e1hne ze zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti helmy a p\u0159ipojuje ji k letadlu ve stylu Matrix. Kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel oto\u010d\u00ed hlavu ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem, dr\u00e1ty p\u0159ivedou odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1my kamery do helmy.

Komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed redukci \u0161umu. Reproduktory produkuj\u00ed zvuk, kter\u00fd minimalizuje hluk v\u011btru a n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed hukot proudov\u00fdch motor\u016f, tak\u017ee piloti jasn\u011b sly\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„V F-16 byl ka\u017ed\u00fd senzor p\u0159ipojen k jin\u00e9 obrazovce \/ \u010d\u00edseln\u00edku… \u010dasto senzory ukazovaly protich\u016fdn\u00e9 informace.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lee v rozhovoru pro Popular Mechanics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eF-35 integruje v\u0161e do zelen\u00e9ho bodu, pokud je to dobr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, a \u010derven\u00e9ho bodu, pokud je to \u0161patn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk \u2013 je velmi p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd k pilot\u016fm. V\u0161echny informace se zobrazuj\u00ed na panoramatick\u00e9m displeji kokpitu, co\u017e jsou v podstat\u011b dva ob\u0159\u00ed iPady.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde jen o to, jak se informace dostanou k pilotovi, ale tak\u00e9 jak se sb\u00edraj\u00ed. F-35 je schopen shroma\u017e\u010fovat informace ze \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly senzor\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch v letadle a z informac\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch z pozemn\u00edho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, bezpilotn\u00edch vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, jin\u00fdch letadel a bl\u00edzk\u00fdch lod\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto informace shroma\u017e\u010fuje, stejn\u011b jako s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1 data o c\u00edlech a bl\u00edzk\u00fdch hrozb\u00e1ch, a v\u0161e chrl\u00ed do jedin\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee pilot b\u011bhem letu snadno ovl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00edky bo\u017esk\u00e9mu v\u00fdhledu na ter\u00e9n se piloti F-35 mohou koordinovat s letouny \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou v tomto procesu smrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Ve F-35 jsme quarterbackem bitevn\u00edho pole – na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem je zlep\u0161it v\u0161echny kolem n\u00e1s.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSt\u00edha\u010dky \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace jako F-16 a F-15 s n\u00e1mi budou minim\u00e1ln\u011b do konce 40. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jich je mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u00e1s, je na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem vyu\u017e\u00edt na\u0161e jedine\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky k utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed boji\u0161t\u011b a zajistit, aby bylo pro n\u011b l\u00e9pe p\u0159e\u017eit\u00e9.\u201c .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny tyto informace se mohou zd\u00e1t skli\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, ale pro star\u00e9 st\u00edhac\u00ed piloty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010del\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9mu \u00fakolu shroma\u017e\u010fovat informace z des\u00edtek r\u016fzn\u00fdch obrazovek a senzor\u016f, nen\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed F-35 ni\u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e z\u00e1zrakem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tony \u201eBrick\u201c Wilson, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil u americk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva 25 let, ne\u017e se p\u0159ipojil k Lockheed Martin jako zku\u0161ebn\u00ed pilot, pilotoval v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 r\u016fzn\u00fdch letadel, od vrtuln\u00edk\u016f po \u0161pion\u00e1\u017en\u00ed letoun U-2 a dokonce i rusk\u00fd MiG.15. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee F-35 je zdaleka nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed letadlo, se kter\u00fdm se setkal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Jak jsme se p\u0159esunuli do st\u00edha\u010dek \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace, jako je F-16, p\u0159e\u0161li jsme od pilot\u016f ke spr\u00e1vc\u016fm senzor\u016f.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Wilson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„F-35 m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed senzor\u016f, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavit pilota n\u011bkter\u00e9 bolesti hlavy, co\u017e n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00fdmi taktiky.“ .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V kv\u011btnu 2018 se izraelsk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 s\u00edly staly prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyslala F-35 do boje a provedla dva n\u00e1lety s F-35A na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e roku vyslala americk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u011bchota sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed F-35B k zasa\u017een\u00ed pozemn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu a pot\u00e9 americk\u00e9 letectvo pou\u017eilo sv\u00e9 F-35A k n\u00e1let\u016fm v Ir\u00e1ku v dubnu 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes bylo do dev\u00edti zem\u00ed dod\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 letoun\u016f F-35 Lighting II, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na 23 leteck\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. To je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rusk\u00e1 flotila p\u00e1t\u00e9 generace Su-57 a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 flotila J-20 dohromady. D\u00edky doslova tis\u00edc\u016fm objedn\u00e1vek slibuje F-35 st\u00e1t se p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed americk\u00e9ho letectva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dek se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee schopnosti F-35 budou dr\u017eet krok s dobou. D\u00edky softwarov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e navr\u017een\u00e9 tak, aby F-35 mohl p\u0159ij\u00edmat \u010dast\u00e9 aktualizace, z\u016fstal tvar letadla stejn\u00fd, ale jeho funkce se ji\u017e radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edce o F-35<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

„Letadlo, kter\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 let\u011blo v roce 2006, mohlo vypadat navenek identicky, ale bylo to \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 letadlo ne\u017e to, se kter\u00fdm l\u00e9t\u00e1me dnes.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Wilson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„A F-35 l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed za deset let se budou velmi li\u0161it od t\u011bch, na kter\u00fdch l\u00e9t\u00e1me dnes.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F-35 tak\u00e9 poslou\u017e\u00ed jako testovac\u00ed lo\u017ee pro technologie, kter\u00e9 se stanou b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace proudov\u00fdch letadel. L\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed v koordinaci s drony s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed bude z\u00e1kladem ka\u017ed\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky \u0161est\u00e9 generace a tyto nov\u00e9 st\u00edhac\u00ed triky budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v podob\u011b F-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Pod\u00edv\u00e1m se na nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejpropojen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed letadlo na planet\u011b a na to, co s n\u00edm dnes m\u016f\u017eeme dos\u00e1hnout.“ , \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Wilson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Mohu si jen p\u0159edstavit, \u010deho bude z\u00edt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed F-35 schopen.“ <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pojem \u201ez\u00edtra\u201c je v\u0161ak velmi v\u00e1gn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F-35 Lightning II je nejsofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed program, jak\u00fd byl kdy ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech vyvinut a implementov\u00e1n. Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da cht\u011bla nejen st\u00edha\u010dku, ale jak\u00e9si univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed letadlo, aby nefungovalo jen jako st\u00edha\u010dka a bombard\u00e9r, ale aby tak\u00e9 posouvalo hranice nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b stealth, senzor\u016f a s\u00edt\u00ed na boji\u0161ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes, 20 let pot\u00e9, co byl zah\u00e1jen program F-35 a bylo dod\u00e1no 500 letadel, by vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pozorovateli bylo odpu\u0161t\u011bno, kdyby si myslel, \u017ee F-35 je ji\u017e v pln\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. Ale to nen\u00ed tak \u00fapln\u011b pravda: letadlo je ve skute\u010dnosti v n\u00edzk\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b (LRIP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u201eparalelismus\u201c se Lockheed Martin a Pentagon dohodly, \u017ee objednaj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed letadel a z\u00e1rove\u0148 budou pokra\u010dovat ve zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vlastnost\u00ed. Jakmile bude F-35 pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201ep\u0159ipraven\u00fd\u201c, spole\u010dnost se \u2013 v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u2013 vr\u00e1t\u00ed a upgraduje v\u0161echna star\u0161\u00ed letadla na nov\u00fd standard. C\u00edlem bylo dostat letadla do rukou pilot\u016f co nejd\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ekonomick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st my\u0161lenky je zlevnit F-35. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ar\u017ee letadel, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku. A ano, letadlo opravdu zlev\u0148uje. Cena jednoho F-35A podle smlouvy o s\u00e9rii 2019 je 89,2 milion\u016f dolar\u016f (o 5,4 % ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1rce smlouvy z roku 2018 \u2013 94,3 milion\u016f). Cena F-35B byla sn\u00ed\u017eena na 115,5 milionu (ze 122,4 milionu), F-35C na 107,7 milionu (ze 121,2 milionu). C\u00edlem je sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na jeden F-35A na 80 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. A to je z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska norm\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Co ale norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nen\u00ed, je dal\u0161\u00ed ukazatel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Letov\u00e1 hodina F-35 st\u00e1la v roce 2011 30,7 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f, co\u017e je srovnateln\u00e9 se st\u00edha\u010dkou \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace F-15. A do roku 2017 se n\u00e1klady na bojov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed vozidla zv\u00fd\u0161ily na 44 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f za hodinu. V lednu 2020 bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu jednoho letadla nad\u00e1le klesaj\u00ed ji\u017e \u010dtvrt\u00fd rok v \u0159ad\u011b (o 35 % od roku 2015). Ale pokud si spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017ebu letadla p\u0159ed likvidac\u00ed (to je asi 8 000 letov\u00fdch hodin na letadlo), bude to asi 670 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, co\u017e je mnohem dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed zlata rovnaj\u00edc\u00ed se hmotnosti letadla. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho m\u00e1me tuto situaci (vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou samotn\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany): – F-35 je kvintesence americk\u00e9ho leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Je to skute\u010dn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 letadlo v mnoha ohledech; – F-35 je skute\u010dn\u011b v\u0161estrann\u00fd a schopn\u00fd plnit mnoho mis\u00ed na boji\u0161ti. Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u2013 dob\u0159e vystupovat, navzdory sv\u00e9 univerz\u00e1lnosti; – F-35 je velmi drah\u00e9 letadlo. Nesrovnateln\u00e9 s F-22, ale p\u0159esto; – F-35 je v budoucnu velmi drah\u00e9 letadlo, proto\u017ee \u00fapravy a dal\u0161\u00ed modernizace vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nejen \u010das, ale tak\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 sumy pen\u011bz; – cel\u00e1 historie <\/a> provozu F-35 p\u016fjde bok po boku s histori\u00ed mnohamilionov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Proto je F-35 skute\u010dn\u011b \u201edva v jednom\u201c: velmi vysp\u011bl\u00e9 a slibn\u00e9 letadlo a z\u00e1rove\u0148 velk\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed bolest. Letadlo je dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zlato, ale je schopn\u00e9 plnit bojov\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 mu byly p\u0159id\u011bleny. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V \u010dervnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku v r\u00e1mci cvi\u010den\u00ed Red Flag procvi\u010dovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed letadel americk\u00e9ho letectva,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-armada"],"yoast_head":"\nPro\u010d je F-35 takov\u00fd Nescafe dva v jednom? - L\u00edpov\u00fd List<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/proc-je-f-35-takovy-nescafe-dva-v-jednom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pro\u010d je F-35 takov\u00fd Nescafe dva v jednom? 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