{"id":812,"date":"2023-10-06T15:48:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T13:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/?p=812"},"modified":"2023-10-06T15:48:32","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T13:48:32","slug":"signal-ze-souhvezdi-lva-webbuv-dalekohled-objevil-jasne-znamky-mimozemskeho-zivota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lipovylist.cz\/wordpress\/signal-ze-souhvezdi-lva-webbuv-dalekohled-objevil-jasne-znamky-mimozemskeho-zivota\/","title":{"rendered":"Sign\u00e1l ze souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lva: Webb\u016fv dalekohled objevil jasn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Astronomov\u00e9 dlouho v\u011bnovali pozornost tomuto vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu sv\u011btu: nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v z\u00f3n\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed obyvatelnosti a je pokryt\u00fd oce\u00e1nem.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto um\u011blci zobrazili tuto planetu na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed o n\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mal\u00e9 a matn\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lva, \u010derven\u00e9mu trpasl\u00edkovi K2-18. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se 120 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od n\u00e1s. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sv\u011btlu, kter\u00e9 z n\u011bj vych\u00e1z\u00ed, trv\u00e1 120 let, ne\u017e se k n\u00e1m dostane. Mus\u00edm \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee mnoho hv\u011bzd na no\u010dn\u00ed obloze se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Dubhe slavn\u00e9ho nab\u011bra\u010de Velk\u00e9ho vozu (mimochodem jeho dal\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy jsou je\u0161t\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale K2-18 bohu\u017eel nelze vid\u011bt pouh\u00fdm okem, byl objeven a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 2000. A teprve v roce 2015 se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee m\u00e1 planety. Tento obr\u00e1zek ukazuje planetu K2-18b. Je 2,6kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Zem\u011b a 8,6kr\u00e1t t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed co do hmotnosti. Nav\u00edc jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hustota je pouze 2,4 gramu na centimetr krychlov\u00fd. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: Zem\u011b m\u00e1 5,5. Proto je tato planeta pova\u017eov\u00e1na m\u00e9n\u011b za super-Zem\u011b a v\u00edce za mini-Neptun. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f m\u00e1 pevn\u00e9 skalnat\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 je v\u0161ak pokryto siln\u00fdm pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bm skute\u010dn\u00e9 vody. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ve form\u011b ledu a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v kapaln\u00e9m stavu. V roce 2019 bylo pomoc\u00ed Hubbleova teleskopu mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9ra t\u00e9to planety obsahuje 20 a\u017e 50 procent vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry. V zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e mimochodem od 0,2 do 2,5 procenta. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee K2-18 b je mnohem vlh\u010d\u00ed a vodnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten n\u00e1\u0161. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za oce\u00e1nskou planetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jen 21 milion\u016f kilometr\u016f od jeho matn\u00e9ho slunce. To je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t bl\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e Merkur k na\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b. Ale proto\u017ee tamn\u00ed slunce je mnohem slab\u0161\u00ed, jeho mal\u00fd Neptun dost\u00e1v\u00e1 od sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie jako Zem\u011b od sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed. K2-18 b se tedy nach\u00e1z\u00ed v tzv. potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, tedy v optim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od hv\u011bzdy \u2013 v takov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje udr\u017eet kapalnou vodu, pota\u017emo \u017eivot, kter\u00fd si bez vody zat\u00edm neum\u00edme p\u0159edstavit. Bl\u00edzkost t\u00e9to exoplanety ke hv\u011bzd\u011b n\u00e1m nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje tu\u0161it, \u017ee se to\u010d\u00ed kolem n\u00ed a neust\u00e1le se na ni \u201ekouk\u00e1\u201c z jedn\u00e9 strany (jako M\u011bs\u00edc kolem Zem\u011b). Tomu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 zachycen\u00ed. A pak se klidn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee oce\u00e1n \u0161plouch\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b na \u00fazem\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho dne a na stran\u011b nekone\u010dn\u00e9 noci je stejn\u00fd nekone\u010dn\u00fd permafrost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A te\u010f to nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: tato planeta byla ned\u00e1vno pozorov\u00e1na slavnou \u201en\u00e1hradou\u201c Hubblea &#8211; vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm teleskopem Webb, kter\u00fd, jak si vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me, funguje jeden a p\u016fl milionu kilometr\u016f od Zem\u011b. \u201eProhl\u00e9dl si\u201c a zachytil K2-18 b b\u011bhem jeho pr\u016fchodu p\u0159es disk hv\u011bzdy, takzvan\u00e9ho tranzitu. Faktem je, \u017ee v tuto chv\u00edli sv\u011btlo hv\u011bzdy proch\u00e1z\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou planety a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se v n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odst\u00ednech podle toho, jak\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jsou v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. A Webb je schopen tyto odst\u00edny zachytit a ur\u010dit tak slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry ze spektra. A <a href=\"https:\/\/esawebb.org\/news\/weic2321\/?lang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 spektrum ukazuje,<\/a> \u017ee existuje oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, metan a n\u011bco je\u0161t\u011b kuri\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V z\u00e1sad\u011b je i metan ur\u010dit\u00fdm d\u016fvodem k podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee na planet\u011b m\u016f\u017ee existovat \u017eivotn\u00ed aktivita, proto\u017ee zde na Zemi je aktivn\u011b emitov\u00e1n na\u0161imi mikroskopick\u00fdmi obyvateli. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak i nebiologick\u00e9 zdroje, tak\u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost metanu zat\u00edm nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u00e1dn\u00fdm argumentem ve prosp\u011bch mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Ale pon\u011bkud p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed bezbarv\u00e1 kapalina zvan\u00e1 dimethylsulfid je skute\u010dn\u011b velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm argumentem pro obyvatelnost K2-18b. P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm na Zemi se tato l\u00e1tka nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, leda jako v\u00fdsledek \u017eivotn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o produkt mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho fytoplanktonu, tedy mikro\u0159as, d\u00e1le je uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n bakteriemi do kanalizace a odpadn\u00edch vod. A podle Webbovy spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy existuje jedna na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 planet\u011b v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lva. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie jeho atmosf\u00e9ry pomoc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 observato\u0159e jsou ji\u017e napl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/jizniMorava\">https:\/\/t.me\/jizniMorava<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronomov\u00e9 dlouho v\u011bnovali pozornost tomuto vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu sv\u011btu: nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v z\u00f3n\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed obyvatelnosti a je&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zajimavosti"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sign\u00e1l ze souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Lva: Webb\u016fv dalekohled objevil 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